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Table 3 Experiment 1 results from the RM-MANOVAs on the effect of the visualization technology (Vis. Tech.) on the questionnaire data, the results from the RM-ANOVAs on the effect of the visualization technology, depth usage (Depth) and its interaction (Vis. Tech.:Depth) on the movement quality and movement onset, and the Friedman test on the counting accuracy

From: Naturalistic visualization of reaching movements using head-mounted displays improves movement quality compared to conventional computer screens and proves high usability

Effect

df

F

Effect size

Sig.

RM-MANOVA—Motivation (IMI)

 Vis. Tech.

4

.79

.41

.627

 RM-MANOVA—Cognitive Load (RTLX)

 Vis. Tech.

6

.66

.61

.745

 RM-ANOVA—Usability (SUS)

 Vis. Tech.

2

2.42

.95

.105

RM-ANOVA—Normalized duration

 Vis. Tech.

2

26.4

.7

< .001 *

 Depth

2

11.28

.83

.003 *

 Vis. Tech.:Depth

4

9.0

.84

.003 *

RM-ANOVA—Trajectory straightness ratio

 Vis. Tech.

2

12.43

.74

< .001 *

 Depth

2

14.98

.94

.001 *

 Vis. Tech.:Depth

4

18.54

.94

< .001 *

RM-ANOVA—Peak velocity

 Vis. Tech.

2

7.0

.78

.012 *

 Depth

2

6.17

.98

.016 *

 Vis. Tech.:Depth

4

2.39

.97

.12

RM-ANOVA—Velocity peaks number

 Vis. Tech.

2

24.97

.68

< .001 *

 Depth

2

9.88

.65

.005 *

 Vis. Tech.:Depth

4

4.98

.73

.012 *

RM-ANOVA—Movement onset

 Vis. Tech.

2

11.21

.61

.003 *

 Depth

2

8.29

.64

.01 *

 Vis. Tech.:Depth

4

3.49

.61

.07 \(\bullet\)

Effect

df

\(\varvec{\chi }^2\)(2)

Effect size

Sig.

Friedman test—Counting accuracy

 Vis. Tech.

2

.27

.008

.874

  1. For the RM-MANOVAs, the reported F values are the Wilks' \(\lambda\)
  2. \(p < 0.05\), \(\bullet\) \(p < 0.1\)