Skip to main content

Table 4 Experiment 1 results from the post-hoc tests

From: Naturalistic visualization of reaching movements using head-mounted displays improves movement quality compared to conventional computer screens and proves high usability

Group1

Group2

T

Effect size

Sig.

Normalized duration

 IVR

AR

− 3.47

0.61

0.009 *

 IVR

2D Screen

− 5.87

0.94

< 0.001 *

 AR

2D Screen

− 4.83

0.77

0.001 *

 Combined

No

3.31

− 0.33

0.013 *

 Combined

Only

− 3.04

0.31

0.023 *

 No

Only

− 3.34

0.58

0.012 *

 AR & Combined

2D Screen & Combined

− 5.39

0.97

0.002 *

 AR & Only

2D Screen & Only

− 4.24

0.69

0.022 *

 2D Screen & Combined

2D Screen & No

4.97

− 0.53

0.005 *

 2D Screen & No

2D Screen & Only

− 3.62

0.67

0.082 \(\bullet\)

 IVR & Combined

2D Screen & Combined

− 6.63

1.16

< 0.001 *

 IVR & No

AR & No

− 3.57

0.57

0.093 \(\bullet\)

 IVR & No

2D Screen & No

− 4.96

0.68

0.005 *

 IVR & Only

2D Screen & Only

− 4.63

0.89

0.01 *

Straightness ratio

 AR

2D Screen

− 3.15

0.67

0.019 *

 IVR

2D Screen

− 4.91

0.79

0.001 *

 Combined

No

4.03

− 0.22

0.003 *

 Combined

Only

− 2.86

0.24

0.034 *

 No

Only

− 4.11

0.41

0.003 *

 AR & Only

2D Screen & Only

− 4.86

0.82

0.006 *

 2D Screen & Combined

2D Screen & No

6.04

− 0.47

0.001 *

 2D Screen & No

2D Screen & Only

− 5.05

0.59

0.004 *

 IVR & Combined

2D Screen & Combined

− 5.75

0.92

0.001 *

 IVR & Only

2D Screen & Only

− 5.12

0.9

0.004 *

Peak velocity

 IVR

2D Screen

5.23

− 0.92

< 0.001*

 No

Only

− 2.82

0.22

0.037 *

Velocity peaks number

 AR

2D Screen

− 6.52

1.12

< .001 *

 IVR

2D Screen

− 5.52

1.25

< .001 *

 Combined

No

3.62

− 0.63

0.007 *

 Combined

Only

− 2.73

0.35

0.045 *

 No

Only

− 3.19

0.79

0.017 *

 AR & Combined

2D Screen & Combined

− 7.72

1.44

< 0.001 *

 AR & No

2D Screen & No

− 4.59

1.09

.011 *

 AR & Only

2D Screen & Only

− 3.85

0.79

0.051 \(\bullet\)

 2D Screen & Combined

2D Screen & No

4.44

− 0.88

0.015 *

 IVR & Combined

2D Screen & Combined

− 5.86

1.67

0.001 *

 IVR & No

2D Screen & No

− 4.49

0.87

0.013 *

 IVR & Only

2D Screen & Only

− 3.87

0.77

0.049 *

Movement onset

 IVR

AR

− 3.73

0.46

0.005 *

 IVR

2D Screen

− 3.71

0.67

0.006 *

 AR

2D Screen

− 3.03

0.52

0.024 *

 Combined

Only

− 3.4

0.58

0.011 *

 No

Only

− 3.22

0.8

0.016 *

 IVR & Combined

IVR & Only

− 3.66

0.41

0.076 \(\bullet\)

 IVR & Combined

AR & Combined

− 4.01

0.37

0.036 *

 IVR & Combined

2D Screen & Combined

− 3.75

0.73

0.063 \(\bullet\)

  1. Visualization technologies: IVR, AR, 2D Screen. Depth usage: No (movements along the horizontal and/or vertical axes), Only (movements only along the depth axes), Combined (movements in the depth axis along with the horizontal and/or vertical axes)
  2. \(* p< 0.05, \bullet p < 0.1\)