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Fig. 3 | Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation

Fig. 3

From: Examining the role of intrinsic and reflexive contributions to ankle joint hyper-resistance treated with botulinum toxin-A

Fig. 3

PC technique assessment for two representative participants with a clear (left) and little (right) reflexive response. A Four consecutive dorsiflexion perturbations (onset at dashed verticals) used for the PC technique at week 0 (T0). Perturbation signals were randomly generated, hence the different time-axes used to visualize a similar sequence of pulse and step perturbations. B The subsequent ankle joint response, measured as torque, elicited through each dorsiflexion perturbation. C Ensemble averaged (± SD, single measurement block) torque response at each session. The torque ensemble averages were created by aligning all step perturbations at the perturbation onset (dashed verticals). The reflexive gain G (Nm s/rad) shows the quantified reflexive contribution at each session. To enhance visualization, torque ensembles were normalized to zero torque at perturbation onset

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