Fig. 4

Longitudinal BoNT-A effect on joint resistance contributions for all participants. The quantified joint resistance contributions are shown for each participant (lines) at each session (unique symbol per participant across plots): week 0 (T0, light), week 6 (T1,medium) and week 12 (T2, dark). The mean values across all participants is shown at each session (grey dots, bold black lines). The BoNT-A effect on overall joint resistance is shown for the MAS (clinical) and \(W_{fast}\) (SPAT) (blue). The BoNT-A effect on intrinsic resistance is shown for (red): \(W_{slow}\) (SPAT) and intrinsic stiffness (K, PC). Finally, the BoNT-A effect on reflexive resistance is shown for (green): the Tardieu Scale (TS_Q, clinical), \(\Delta\)Work (SPAT) and reflexive gain (G, PC). The best-case minimal detectable difference (MDD) (vertical line) is depicted for reference, see Additional file 1: Table S1