Table 10 Summary of multi-domain assessment studies
Biomechanical | Neurological signal features | Clinical test | Method combination | Result | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
– Movement accuracy – Time of execution – Mean speed – Mean abs value of distance between trajectory – Number peaks speed – Spectral arc-length | EEG: – SVD topography – Coefficient of time frequency variation all bands EMG: – Muscle group activation – Spatial synergies NNMF* | – FMA longitudinally – Grip force test | – Correlation analysis – CCA – PCA | – All domains changed due to rehab – PCA metric combining information correlates significatively with FMA and grip force | [18] |
– Range of motion (RoM) – Movement duration – Normalized Jerk | EEG – ERD latency, peak frequency, topography – BSI EMG: – Muscle activation – Spatial synergies NNMF* | Evolution of – FMA – WOLF Through therapy | – Domain to clinical test (did not combine information) | – All domains affected by rehab | [21] |
– Range of motion (RoM) – Mean absolute of the distance (deviation from a straight line) – End-point error (aim) – Ratio of mean and peak speed – Mean-absolute jerk normalized by peak speed – Root mean square jerk normalized by duration of movement | EEG: – Rest power density – Relative and absolute Alpha power – Topography maps Alpha EMG: – Muscle group activation | – FMA – B&B – AS – Motricity index (MI) – Modified Barthel index (mBI) | – Domain to clinical test, did not combine information | – All domains affected by rehab | [122] |
– Movement duration – Peak velocity – Index of curvature – Average jerk – Average inter-quartile range | EEG: – Alpha and Beta ERS/ERD features | – Relationship between kinematic data and neural data | – Correlation analysis | Significant correlation: – Peak Velocity & Alpha ERD – Index of curvature & Beta ERS – Index of curvature & Beta ERD – Average jerk & Alpha ERS – Average jerk & Alpha ERD – Inter-quartile rangex Beta ERS – Inter-quartile rangez Beta ERS – Inter-quartile rangex Beta ERS-ERD – Inter-quartile rangez Beta ERS-ERD | [15] |
– Movement duration – Path length – Normalized Jerk Speed | EEG topography – Alpha and Beta ERS/ERD – BSI | – NHPT – Motricity index (mi) – Barthel Index – FIM – Canadian stroke scale | – Separate analysis for each domain | – All domains affected by rehab | [22] |
– Movement accuracy – Movement efficiency – Mean speed – Number of velocity peaks | EEG: – ERD % – Motor potential amplitude | – Motor status score – MAS – Range of motion | – Correlation analysis | – Movement efficiency and number of velocity peaks quantify movement execution for kinematic – The motor potential amplitude and ERD% are significant parameters | [16] |