Table 2 Evaluation activities, measures, and metrics for both uni- and bi-manual assessment via upper-extremity robotic devices
Evaluation activity | Metrics | Measured aspect of movement quality |
|---|---|---|
Point-to-point reaching or path following | Spectral [25], jerk [75], peaks [75, 76], minima speed count [10], amount of assistance [25], movement synergy [25], task time [25, 77, 78], accuracy [25], mean & peak speed [78], mean absolute value of the distance [75], path length ratio [75], active movement index [75], distance to path ratio [77], standard deviation on the target [77], reaction time [75] | Smoothness, efficacy, intra-limb coordination, efficiency, accuracy, movement planning |
ADL: circle drawing and games | The axes ratio, joint angle correlation [78] | Intra- and inter-limb coordination, efficacy, efficiency |
Arm position matching task | Standard deviation of the active hand's position, range of workspace matched by the active hand relative to the passive, mean of the mean error between the active and passive hands [77] | Inter-limb coordination |
Joint and directional strength | Mean shoulder strength [78] | Strength |
Resistance to passive movement assessment | Joint torque resistance [76] | Resistance to single joint to passive movement |