Predictor name | Description | Construct | Scoring |
---|---|---|---|
UL measures | |||
Standardized measure assessing UL functional ability for activity | UL capacity | Scores range from 0–57, higher values indicate greater UL function | |
Sum of two Medical Research Council strength grades from the shoulder abductors and the finger extensors | UL impairment | Scores are whole numbers and range from 0–10, higher values indicate less impairment in the affected UE | |
Standardized measure assessing movement in and out of synergies of the affected UL | UL impairment | Scores range from 0–66, higher values indicate less impairment in the affected UL | |
Non-motor clinical measures | |||
Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) [50, 51] | Questionnaire asking about the frequency and severity of symptoms associated with mood | Depression screen | Scores range from 0–60, higher scores indicative of greater depressive symptomatology |
Paper, pencil test measuring visual spatial ability | Hemispatial neglect | Scores are calculated by subtracting the omissions from the total score of 60 (0–30 on both sides), > 4 omissions on one side are considered pathological | |
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) [54] | Brief tool to screen for cognitive impairment across multiple domains | Cognitive screen | Scores range from 0–30, scores < 26 indicate cognitive impairment |
National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) [55] | Standardized measure of global stroke severity | Stroke severity | Scores range from 0–42, lower scores indicate less severe stroke overall |
Demographics | |||
Multi-dimensional evaluation of a region’s socioeconomic conditions | Socioeconomic disadvantage | Scores are % rankings and range from 1 to 100, lower values indicate lowest level of “disadvantage” | |
Age | Participant age at time of testing | – | Minimum age of 18 |
Concordance | Affected UL is dominant UL | – | Categorized as: Yes/No |
Ethnicity | Participant report of ethnicity | – | Categorized as: Non-Hispanic/Non-Latino or Latino |
Living status pre-stroke | Participant report of prior living situation | – | Categorized as*: Living alone, independent ADLs/Living alone, assist ADLs/ Living with others, independent ADLs/ Living with others, assist ADLs |
Living status 2-weeks post stroke | Participant location at 2-week time point | – | Categorized as: Inpatient/Skilled-nursing facility/Assisted living/Home/Other |
Race | Participant reported racial identification | – | Categorized as: White/ Black or African-American/Asian/American Indian or Alaska Native/Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander |
Sex | Participant report of sex | – | Categorized as: Male/Female |
Stroke type | Cause of disruption of blood flow, from medical record | – | Categorized as: Ischemic/Hemorrhagic/Unknown |
Time post stroke | Number of days from stroke-onset to 2-week testing, from medical record | – | Difference in days between date of testing and stroke onset |