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Fig. 3 | Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation

Fig. 3

From: Effects of bihemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation on motor recovery in subacute stroke patients: a double-blind, randomized sham-controlled trial

Fig. 3

Motor recovery after bihemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) during task-oriented training in subacute stroke patients. A The individual trajectory of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) scores with significant time effects within both groups in the early subacute phase. Red circles and blue triangles represent real and sham tDCS groups, respectively. Solid and hollow symbols indicate participants with and without forearm motor evoked potentials (MEP ±), respectively. B The real tDCS group showed significantly better FMA-UE improvements than the sham group after the 2-week intervention and at three months post-stroke. The dashed line shows the minimal clinically important difference of FMA-UE = 10 points to define treatment responders. C The individual trajectory of the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) scores with significant time effects within both groups. D The ARAT improvements of real group were greater than those the sham group after the intervention. However, this significant difference did not last to the 12 weeks post-stroke. E The individual trajectory of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Lower Extremity (FMA-LE) scores with significant time effects within both groups. F The FMA-LE improvements after intervention were not different between groups until 12 weeks post-stroke. # p < 0.001, compared with the baseline using repeated measures ANCOVA (Table 2); * p < 0.025 (Bonferroni correction: 0.05/2 timepoints), ** p < 0.005, compared with the sham group

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