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Table 4 Overview of adverse events (AEs)

From: Multicentric investigation on the safety, feasibility and usability of the ABLE lower-limb robotic exoskeleton for individuals with spinal cord injury: a framework towards the standardisation of clinical evaluations

Type of AE

Number (% out of total AEs)

Device-related (% out of AE-type)

Procedure-related (% out of AE-type)

Underlying disease-related (% out of AE-type)

Other causes or undetermined relation (% out of AE-type)

Skin lesion

27 (33.3)

5 (18.5)

0 (0)

1 (3.7)

21 (77.8)

Pain

22 (27.2)

3 (13.6)

6 (27.3)

4 (18.2)

9 (40.9)

Neuropathic pain

9 (11.1)

0 (0)

0 (0)

9 (100)

0 (0)

Urinary tract/gastrointestinal infection

8 (9.9)

0 (0)

0 (0)

5 (62.5)

3 (37.5)

Fatigue

3 (3.7)

0 (0)

3 (100)

0 (0)

0 (0)

Spasticity

3 (3.7)

0 (0)

0 (0)

3 (100)

0 (0)

Hypotension

5 (6.2)

0 (0)

3 (60.0)

2 (40.0)

0 (0)

Inflammation

2 (2.5)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

2 (100)

Other

2 (2.5)

0 (0)

1 (50)

0 (0)

1 (50)

Total

81 (100)

8 (9.9)

13 (16.0)

24 (29.6)

36 (44.4)

  1. Type and number of AEs that occurred during the clinical investigation