Table 1 Summary of maximum deviation of healthy controls and the maximum compensation of stroke participants in shoulder flexion and horizontal abduction

3.00 cm (2.00–7.00 cm)

5.00 cm (3.70–13.00 cm)

32.0

− 2.27

0.025*

2.00 cm (2.00–5.00 cm)

4.00 cm (3.25–11.00 cm)

28.5

− 2.45

.014*

1.00 cm (0.00–3.00 cm)

2.00 cm (0.00–3.00 cm)

49.0

− 1.49

0.173

1.00 cm (1.00–4.00 cm)

2.00 cm (1.25–5.00 cm)

55.5

− 1.12

.285

2.00 cm (0.00–4.00 cm)

4.50 cm (2.00–8.00 cm)

20.5

− 2.89

0.003*

1.00 cm (0.02–4.00 cm)

2.50 cm (2.00–5.00 cm)

31.0

− 2.32

.022*

0.00 cm (0.00–2.00 cm)

1.50 cm (1.00–7.00 cm)

9.5

− 3.93

0.000*

0.00 cm (0.00–5.00 cm)

2.50 cm (1.25–5.00 cm)

23.5

− 2.79

.006*

0.00° (0.00–4.00°)

0.00° (0.00–5.00°)

78.0

0.00

1.00

0.00° (0.00–5.00°)

1.00° (0.00–8.00°)

65.0

− 0.71

.556

0.00° (0.00–5.00°)

4.50° (2.25–8.00°)

25.5

− 2.80

0.008*

3.00° (1.25–8.00°)

6.50° (2.75–13.00°)

37.5

− 1.78

.078

2.50° (0.00–20.00°)

0.00° (0.00–21.00°)

75.0

− 0.16

0.906

6.00° (4.50–14.00°)

2.50° (0.00–19.00°)

56.0

− 1.07

.308

0.50° (0.00–7.00°)

2.00° (0.75–10.00°)

53.0

− 1.27

0.244

0.00° (0.00–4.00°)

4.50° (0.75–8.00°)

28.0

− 3.82

.014*

5.50° (0.00–37.00°)

27.50° (17.25–57.00°)

32.5

− 2.21

0.025*

8.50° (4.50–49.00°)

4.50° (0.50–53.00°)

52.5

− 1.24

.225