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Table 2 Comparison of the MMC systems

From: A systematic review of the applications of markerless motion capture (MMC) technology for clinical measurement in rehabilitation

MMC system

Mechanisms

Relative cost

Assessable body parts

Portability

Set-up procedure

Methods of data extraction and analysis

Kinect

Monochrome CMOS sensor and infrared projector measures player’s body by transmitting invisible near-infrared light, data are then processed by algorithms

Low

Whole body except fine hand movement

Yes

Simple

Data can be extracted by the Microsoft Kinect algorithm, and offline analysis can be performed using software such as R or MATLAB

Camera

2D images are captured directly by camera

Low

Whole body

Yes

Simple

Data is commonly analyzed by pose estimation algorithm, and kinematic features are extracted from the joint trajectories

LMC

Hand movements captured by two monochromatic IR cameras and three infrared LEDs and a rather “complex math algorithm” are used to process the raw data

Low

Hand and finger movement

Yes

Simple

Data can be obtained from the LMC SDK

BioStage™

3D images captured by high-speed color cameras and data are analyzed by computer vision software

High

Whole body

No

Complicated

The 3D motion data can be analyzed using the Motion Monitor software

Smartphone

Mobile phone camera is used to capture the movement directly

No extra cost needed

Whole body

Yes

Simple

Specific algorithms are required to analyze the video image

DARI Motion system

Uses eight high-speed cameras placed around the subject and a state-of-the-art computer-vision engine to collect whole-body data, including the fastest motions

High

Whole body

No

Complicated

Data analyzed by images captured by eight high-speed cameras using the software provided by the DARI Motion company

4DBODY System

Uses a single-frame structured light illumination method to allow the registration of the shape of body surface with a frequency of up to 120 Hz

High

Whole body

No

Complicated

Data from 4D measurement sequences can be extracted by the FRAMES software package

Customized motion capture system

Two main components: an electromagnetic tracker and an HMD. The tracker sampled motion via two sensors at 60 Hz each.

Not mentioned

Particularly neck and trunk movement

Not mentioned

Not mentioned

Tracking data can be analyzed by MATLAB software

  1. CMOS: Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, HMD: Helmet-mounted Displays, LED: Light-emitting Diode, LMC: Leap Motion Controller, SDK: Software Development Kit