Table 1 Subject characteristics

Age, years

84.8 ± 5.9

79.7 ± 8.2

0.022

Sex (female), %

94

74

0.168

Height, m

1.47 ± 0.10

1.51 ± 0.10

0.162

Weight, kg

48.3 ± 9.0

53.0 ± 9.7

0.089

Body mass index, kg/m²

22.4 ± 2.9

23.2 ± 3.1

0.342

Mini-Mental State Examination, score

24 ± 4

25 ± 5

0.423

Medical conditions

Osteoarthritis/rheumatism, %

27

14

0.258

Diabetes mellitus, %

20

14

0.687

Hypertension, %

40

49

0.574

Heart disease, %

20

14

0.687

Number of diseases

1.6 ± 0.8

1.6 ± 1.0

0.840

Number of medications used

2.9 ± 3.8

3.2 ± 3.7

0.691