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Table 4 Online performances

From: Operation of a brain-computer interface walking simulator for individuals with spinal cord injury

Participant

Completion time

Successful stops

Session

  

mean ± std (sec)

mean ± std

breakdown

1

n=29

275 ± 45

6.2 ± 1.8

(26, 3)

 

Best: Day 5

298 ± 77

6.8 ± 2.3

 
 

Random Walk

227 ± 7

5.0 ± 1.3

 

2

n=25

271 ± 66

5.7 ± 2.3

(24, 1)

 

Best: Day 5

293 ± 26

8.1 ± 1.2

 
 

Random Walk

1445 ± 118

9.0 ± 0.9

 

3

n=24

277 ± 65

9.4 ± 1.3

(24, 0)

 

Best: Day 4

231 ± 8

10.0 ± 0.0

 
 

Random Walk

>1200

0.1 ± 0.25

 

4

n=19

289 ± 43

8.3 ± 1.8

(18, 1)

 

Best: Day 1

264 ± 12

8.9 ± 0.3

 
 

Random Walk

>1200

4.3 ± 0.7

 

5

n=27

258 ± 31

7.7 ± 2.1

(27, 0)

 

Best: Day 4

260 ± 17

10.0 ± 0.0

 
 

Random Walk

>1200

5.1 ± 1.4

 

All participants

273 ± 51

7.4 ± 2.3

(119, 5)

Physical joystick

205.72 ± 4.2

9.38 ± 0.95

 
  1. Average online performances, including completion time, and number of successful stops for each participant, upon achieving purposeful control, which was on day 2 for Participant 2, and on day 1 for all other participants. Note that the completion time consists of a fixed walking time (191 sec) and a variable amount of idling time. Also presented are the average online performances of each participant’s best experimental day. Performances of random walk are shown for comparison. Sessions are also broken down by number of purposeful and non-purposeful performances, i.e. (p<0.01, p≥0.01).