Virtual reality for the rehabilitation of the upper limb motor function after stroke: a prospective controlled trial

Table 2 Effect of therapies on Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity scale

			ULC therapy			RFVE therapy
		n	Before	After	n	Before	After
Overall		113	41.1 ± 17.6	44.1 ± 17.3*	263	41.7 ± 16.1	48.2 ± 15.2*†
Motor impairment	F-M UE score ≤ 20	19	11.1 ± 6.5	14.6 ± 8.5*	35	11.8 ± 5.2	19.0 ± 9.0*†
	21 ≤ F-M UE score ≤ 40	29	32.5 ± 5.5	36.1 ± 6.8*	72	32.2 ± 5.9	41.5 ± 7.6*†
	F-M UE score > 40	65	53.8 ± 7.1	55.9 ± 8.1*	156	52.7 ± 7.3	57.8 ± 6.4*†
Stroke to Rehabilitation Interval	≤ 3months	32	47.7 ±16.4	51.3 ± 15.2*	68	44.9 ± 14.0	53.8 ± 11.5*†
	3 < months < 12	57	38.9 ± 17.5	41.7 ± 17.2*	113	39.5 ± 17.2	46.0 ± 16.0*†
	≥ 12 months	24	37.7 ± 17.7	40.3 ± 18.0*	82	41.8 ± 15.9	46.7 ± 15.7*

Data are presented as mean ± SD. n number of patients, ULC Upper Limb Conventional, RFVE Reinforced Feedback in Virtual Environment, F-M UE Fugl – Meyer Upper Extremity.
* p ≤ 0.05 within group analysis (Wilcoxon test).
† p ≤ 0.05 between group analysis (Mann–Whitney U test).