Facilitation of corticospinal excitability by virtual reality exercise following anodal transcranial direct current stimulation in healthy volunteers and subacute stroke subjects

Table 4 Facilitation of corticospinal excitability between four conditions

Conditions		Rest	During exercise	Immediate after exercise or tDCS	10 min after exercise	20 min after exercise
Active wrist exercise (A)	Healthy	100	785 ± 553	125 ± 6	117 ± 7	112 ± 6
VR wrist exercise (B)	Healthy	100	805 ± 340	139 ± 11	127 ± 8	117 ± 8
VR wrist exercise (B)	Stroke	100	475 ± 297	130 ± 7	122 ± 6	112 ± 5
VR wrist exercise following tDCS (C)	Healthy	100	768 ± 337	152 ± 12	140 ± 12	131 ± 12
VR wrist exercise following tDCS (C)	Stroke	100	502 ± 297	141 ± 11	130 ± 8	120 ± 6
tDCS without exercise (D)	Healthy	100	-	132 ± 13	121 ± 8	117 ± 9
tDCS without exercise (D)	Stroke	100	-	120 ± 7	115 ± 6	109 ± 5
Overall P value	Healthy	Condition: <0.001, time: <0.001, condition X time: <0.001
	Stroke	Condition: <0.001, time: <0.001, condition X time: <0.001
C Vs A	Healthy	-	-	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
C Vs B*	Healthy	-	-	0.01	0.01	<0.001
C Vs B*	Stroke	-	-	<0.001	0.01	0.01
C Vs D*	Healthy	-	-	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
C Vs D*	Stroke	-	-	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
B Vs A*	Healthy	-	-	<0.001	0.002	0.41
B Vs D*	Healthy	-	-	0.003	0.03	4.96
B Vs D*	Stroke	-	-	<0.001	<0.001	0.14
A Vs D*	Healthy	-	-	0.10	0.63	0.36

Values were transformed into a percentage of the MEP at rest. Values are mean ± SD.
*Post hoc P values were corrected by Bonferroni method.
VR, virtual reality, tDCS, transcranial direct current stimulation, −, not available.

ISSN: 1743-0003