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Table 1 Characteristics of participants separated into 3 groups according to the tertiles of TUG delta time* (n = 66)

From: Motor imagery of gait: a new way to detect mild cognitive impairment?

 

Tertiles of TUG delta time

P-Value

Lowest (n = 22)

Intermediate (n = 22)

Highest (n = 22)

Overall

Lowest versus intermediate

Lowest versus highest

Intermediate versus highest

Age (years), mean ± SD

71.4 ± 5.9

71.1 ± 6.4

76.3 ± 7.0

0.028

0.621

0.026

0.019

Female, n (%)

14 (63.6)

15 (68.2)

15 (68.2)

0.934

-

-

-

 Cognitive status, n (%)

       

 CHI

10 (45.5)

12 (54.5)

2 (9.1)

0.013

0.650

0.014

0.004

 MCI

6 (27.3)

7 (31.8)

10 (45.5)

0.173

-

-

-

Mild-to-moderate ADRD

5 (22.7)

3 (13.6)

6 (27.3)

0.335

-

-

-

MMSE score (/30), mean ± SD

26.5 ± 4.6

28.2 ± 2.3

23.6 ± 5.2

0.001

0.168

0.016

<0.001

 Timed Up & Go test, mean ± SD

       

 pTUG (seconds)

9.8 ± 2.6

9.1 ± 1.6

15.0 ± 9.3

<0.001

0.354

0.005

<0.001

 iTUG (seconds)

10.1 ± 2.9

6.6 ± 1.3

5.5 ± 1.9

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

0.018

TUG Delta time* (%)

-2.3 ± 15.8

31.2 ± 11.1

84.9 ± 25.5

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

  1. CHI: Cognitively healthy individual.
  2. MCI: Mild cognitive impairment.
  3. ADRD: Alzheimer disease and related disorders.
  4. MMSE: Mini-Mental status examination.
  5. TUG: Timed Up & Go test.
  6. pTUG: performed TUG.
  7. iTUG: imagined TUG.
  8. n: number of participants.
  9. *: Calculated from the formula: delta time = [(pTUG–iTUG)/(pTUG + iTUG)/2] ×100.
  10. : Between-group comparisons were performed using Kruskal-Wallis, Man-Whitney, or Chi-square tests, as appropriate.
  11. P significant (<0.05) indicated in bold.