A robotic test of proprioception within the hemiparetic arm post-stroke

Table 1 Subject characteristics and classifications

Subject	Experiment	Age [yrs]	Sex	Months post-CVA	Affected arm	Type	Lesion site	Prop	Touch	UE FM	MAS	Paretic grip [kg]	Non-paretic grip [kg]
SS01	D1, D2	52	F	61	L	HEM	—	A: MCP	A: F, H, FA	21	1.25	2	25
SS01	D1, D2	52	F	61	L	HEM	—	I: W, E, S	I: A	21	1.25	2	25
SS02	D1, FT	53	M	36	R	HEM	L: TH	A: MCP, W	A: F, H, FA	20	1.00	6	55
SS02	D1, FT	53	M	36	R	HEM	L: TH	I: E, S	I: A	20	1.00	6	55
SS03	D1, D2, FT	50	F	16	R	HEM	L: BG	A: MCP, W	A: F, H, FA	20	1.75	6	23
SS03	D1, D2, FT	50	F	16	R	HEM	L: BG	I: E,S	I: A	20	1.75	6	23
SS04⁺	D1	50	M	24	L	ISC	R: F, T, IN, IC, BG	I: MCP, W	I: F	17	0.25	7	—
SS05	D1	53	F	42	R	ISC	—	I: MCP	A: F, H	25	1.00	7	23
SS05	D1	53	F	42	R	ISC	—	I: MCP	I: FA	25	1.00	7	23
SS06	D1, D2, FT	58	M	30	R	ISC	L: P, BG	I: MCP	I: F, H	30	0.50	12	31
SS07	D1	58	M	18	R	ISC	L: F, T, P, IN	I :MCP	I: F	48	0.00	18	—
SS08	D1, D2	65	F	28	R	ISC	L: F, P	intact	I: F, H	41	0.00	4	25
SS09^*	FT	54	F	60	R	HEM	L:	intact	I: F,H,FA,A	45	0.25	26	36
SS10	D1	59	M	55	R	HEM	—	intact	intact	45	0.25	9	—
SS11	D1	36	M	26	R	ISC	L: BG	intact	intact	43	0.50	35	51
SS12	D1, D2, FT	56	F	252	R	ISC	L: MCA	intact	intact	28	1.00	8	20
SS13	D1, D2	54	M	69	R	ISC	L: IC	intact	intact	48	0.25	31	44
SS14	D1	64	F	74	R	ISC	L: IC	intact	intact	21	0.50	3	—
SS15	D1, D2, FT	69	F	240	R	ISC	L: F, IC, BG	intact	intact	23	1.25	4	25
SS16	FT	59	F	48	R	ISC	L: IC, BG, TH	intact	intact	22	1.50	5	19
NIC01	D1, D2, FT	41	M									48	51
NIC02	D1	38	F									—	—
NIC03	D1, D2	34	F									22	19
NIC04	D1	42	M									51	58
NIC05	D1	42	M									58	55
NIC06	D1	34	M									43	51
NIC07	D1, D2	34	M									53	52
NIC08	FT	34	M									50	44
NIC09	D1, D2, FT	48	M									41	29
NIC10	D1	55	M									41	32
NIC11	D1, D2	66	F									27	22
NIC12	D1	63	F									19	18
NIC13	FT	60	F									22	18
NIC14	FT	60	M									51	49
NIC15	FT	38	M									55	58
NIC16	FT	56	F									23	20

Abbreviations: D1 and D2: displacement tests 1 and 2; FT: force test; M: male; F: female; L: Left; R: Right; HEM: hemorrhagic; ISC: ischemic; CVA: cerebral vascular accident; Prop: proprioception; UE: upper extremity; FM: Fugl-Meyer score; MAS: modified Ashworth score; A: absent; I: impaired; TH: thalamus; BG: basal ganglia; F: frontal cortex; T: temporal cortex; P: parietal cortex; IN: insular cortex; IC: internal capsule; MCA: middle cerebral artery; Touch: F: finger tips; H: hand; FA: forearm; A: upper arm. ^*This participant had paresthesia and mild pain in the involved limb. ⁺This participant correctly identified just 70% of the rising tones in the auditory training test. All other participants performed with 85% or better accuracy.

ISSN: 1743-0003