Figure 3

Example predictions of EMG activity for representative shoulder, elbow, and wrist muscles. Segment (~100 s) of EMG predictions (red traces) made by the MLP20_9_9_20 artificial neural network for anterior deltoid (AntDelt), brachioradialis (BrachRad), and extensor carpi radialis (ECR) for unloaded (A) and loaded movements (B). Black traces indicate the actual (recorded) EMG signals. The test movement in B depicts an episode where the subject grasped and moved a load (1000 g, dashed vertical line). The coefficient of determination (R²) between predicted and actual EMG is shown for each muscle.