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Table 3 Mean values ± standard deviation of performance indexes (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01). Reported statistics refer to the comparison between admission and discharge in the patients’ group

From: Positive effects of robotic exoskeleton training of upper limb reaching movements after stroke

Performance Index

Contralateral movement

  

Admission

Discharge

p

Healthy Control

PI1

Total time (s)

4.02 ±1.74

3.11 ±1.18

0.012*

1.41 ± 0.72

PI2

Total smoothness

4.19 ±3.17

2.33 ±2.76

0.004**

0.19 ± 0.4

CCI1

AD-PD muscles

1.64 ± 0.93

2.49 ± 1.94

0.05*

7.17 ±2.99

CCI2

TB-BP muscles

1.50 ± 0.77

1.41 ± 1.02

0.91

0.45 ±0.27

Performance Index

Central movement

Admission

Discharge

p

Healthy Control

PI1

Total time (s)

4.10 ±2.10

3.07 ±1.08

0.007**

1.32 ± 0.72

PI2

Total smoothness

5.15 ±4.76

2.74 ±2.30

0.006**

0.24 ± 0.54

CCI1

AD-PD muscles

2.24 ± 0.80

3.08 ± 2.21

0.03*

7.9 ±2.92

CCI2

TB-BP muscles

1.39 ± 0.84

1.37 ± 0.87

0.84

0.41 ±0.29

Performance Index

Ipsilateral movement

Admission

Discharge

p

Healthy Control

PI1

Total time (s)

5.25 ±2.84

3.15 ±1.14

0.0004**

1.64 ± 1.04

PI2

Total smoothness

7.00 ±6.69

2.63 ±2.56

0.001**

0.62 ± 0.74

CCI1

AD-PD muscles

1.24 ± 0.64

1.89 ± 1.41

0.02*

4.87 ±2.75

CCI2

TB-BP muscles

1.31 ± 0.95

1.36 ± 1.22

0.81

0.46 ±0.32