Table 1 Spatiotemporal gait parameter central tendency (mean) and variability (standard deviation) by floor surface and instructed gait speed
Dependent variable | No obstacles floor surface | Visible obstacles floor surface | Hidden obstacles floor surface | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Slow | Preferred | Fast | Slow | Preferred | Fast | Slow | Preferred | Fast | ||||||||||
Central Tendencya [Intersubject Mean (Standard Deviation) of Intrasubject Means] | ||||||||||||||||||
Gait Speed (% Leg Length/s) * | 106.9 | (30.5) | 154.5 | (27.6) | 249.5 | (43.7) | 106.1 | (26.7) | 144.3 | (27.5) | 228.2 | (44.2) | 102.9 | (27.1) | 148.0 | (28.1) | 223.5 | (46.8) |
Step Length (% Leg Length) * | 71.0 | (12.3) | 85.6 | (10.0) | 104.8 | (11.4) | 71.5 | (11.2) | 83.5 | (10.1) | 102.1 | (11.6) | 68.9 | (11.4) | 83.8 | (11.1) | 100.1 | (12.4) |
Step Width (% Leg Length) | 14.6 | (3.7) | 14.0 | (3.1) | 13.9 | (2.8) | 15.2 | (3.2) | 14.1 | (2.9) | 14.7 | (3.0) | 15.2 | (3.3) | 14.3 | (3.2) | 14.6 | (3.1) |
Step Time (s) * | 0.69 | (0.10) | 0.56 | (0.05) | 0.42 | (0.05) | 0.70 | (0.10) | 0.59 | (0.06) | 0.15 | (0.03) | 0.70 | (0.11) | 0.57 | (0.05) | 0.46 | (0.06) |
Variabilityb [Intersubject Mean (Standard Deviation) of Intrasubject Standard Deviations] | ||||||||||||||||||
Gait Speed (% Leg Length/s) * | 6.5 | (2.6) | 7.5 | (4.7) | 10.6 | (7.8) | 6.4 | (4.0) | 6.5 | (4.0) | 8.9 | (6.2) | 7.2 | (3.7) | 6.3 | (2.8) | 11.2 | (6.2) |
Step Length (% Leg Length) * | 3.9 | (1.0) | 3.9 | (1.3) | 4.6 | (1.2) | 5.5 | (3.2) | 5.8 | (3.8) | 5.8 | (2.7) | 4.5 | (1.2) | 3.6 | (0.8) | 4.9 | (1.6) |
Step Width (% Leg Length) † | ||||||||||||||||||
Younger men | 3.8 | (1.1) | 3.8 | (0.8) | 4.2 | (1.2) | 3.6 | (1.2) | 4.1 | (0.8) | 4.6 | (1.1) | 4.2 | (1.3) | 4.1 | (1.0) | 4.3 | (0.7) |
Younger Women | 3.4 | (0.6) | 3.7 | (0.8) | 4.3 | (1.2) | 4.3 | (1.6) | 4.8 | (2.0) | 4.0 | (1.0) | 3.7 | (1.1) | 3.7 | (0.7) | 4.4 | (1.3) |
Older Men | 3.9 | (0.8) | 4.1 | (1.0) | 4.8 | (0.8) | 4.8 | (1.9) | 5.3 | (1.7) | 4.9 | (1.5) | 3.7 | (1.0) | 4.5 | (0.8) | 4.9 | (1.3) |
Older Women | 4.6 | (1.8) | 5.2 | (1.1) | 4.7 | (1.3) | 8.1 | (2.7) | 8.2 | (2.6) | 8.9 | (3.0) | 4.8 | (1.4) | 5.1 | (1.0) | 5.3 | (0.9) |
Step Time (s) * | 0.04 | (0.03) | 0.02 | (0.02) | 0.02 | (0.01) | 0.05 | (0.03) | 0.03 | (0.02) | 0.02 | (0.01) | 0.05 | (0.03) | 0.03 | (0.01) | 0.02 | (0.01) |