Figure 5
From: Effects of kinematic vibrotactile feedback on learning to control a virtual prosthetic arm
With practice all groups decreased their end-point error, increased their movement time, and consequently increased their skill at performing the virtual arm task. However, there were no group differences in the rate of improvement in error (left panel), movement time (middle panel) or skill (a composite of accuracy and speed; right panel). The control group (CRTL) was provided with only visual feedback during practice. The other groups received vibrotactile feedback (VIBF) that was proportional to either the virtual arm angular position (POS VIBF) or angular velocity (VEL VIBF). The shaded areas show the smoothed between-subjects standard deviations within each group across practice. For the VIBF groups the last three blocks (5; 7; 9) had sensory manipulations intermixed, but these data are not shown here for clarity.