Clinical usefulness and validity of robotic measures of reaching movement in hemiparetic stroke patients

Table 3 Comparison between parameters of Visually Guided Reaching task in paretic and non-paretic arms

Parameters	Paretic arm, median (range)	Non-paretic arm, median (range)	Wilcoxon signed rank test
Parameters	Paretic arm, median (range)	Non-paretic arm, median (range)	p-values	Effect size
Posture Speed [×10⁻² m/s]	0.58 (0.13−1.37)	0.35 (0.16−0.61)	<0.001	0.79
Reaction Time [s]	0.47 (0.32−0.67)	0.33 (0.25−0.42)	<0.001	0.87
No Reaction Time	5 (0–60)	0 (0–13)	<0.001	0.76
Initial Direction Error [×10⁻² rad]	25.07 (3.71−94.67)	4.70 (2.20−10.43)	<0.001	0.87
Initial Distance Ratio	0.43 (0.15−0.89)	0.89 (0.54−1)	<0.001	−0.87
Initial Speed Ratio	0.84 (0.59−1)	1 (0.93−1)	<0.001	−0.85
Speed Maxima Count	4.36 (2.16−10)	2.38 (1.63−3.63)	<0.001	0.85
Min Max Speed [×10⁻² m/s]	4.50 (0.84−19.27)	1.37 (0.52−4.33)	<0.001	0.86
Movement Time [s]	2.10 (1.02−3.67)	1.15 (0.82−1.62)	<0.001	0.87
Path Length Ratio	1.83 (1.11−5.95)	1.12 (1.05−1.42)	<0.001	0.86
Max Speed [×10⁻² m/s]	19.29 (7.81−37.51)	22.45 (12.52−38.50)	0.003	−0.42
No Movement End	15 (0–63)	0 (0–13)	<0.001	0.78

n = 49. The data of participants who failed to reach the target during the trial (No Movement End = 64) (n = 6) or lacked any of the twelve parameters (n = 1) were excluded from data analysis

ISSN: 1743-0003