Fig. 6
The muscle synergies in the conditions: free movements (NE), passive modality day 1 (WEP1), and assistive modality (WEA). a In the first column, the weighting coefficients of the muscle synergies are represented for the three conditions (blue for free movements; dark red for passive modality; and green for assistive modality). The mean and standard errors refer to six subjects. Below S1, S2, and S3, the p-values for the weighting coefficients between free movements and passive modality (top row) and between passive and assistive modality (bottom row) are reported using a gray scale. In the second column the RMS SYN is reported for the 12 targets. The RMS SYN corresponds to the average values across six subjects and three repetitions. Blue, dark red, and green lines code the free movements, the passive modality, and the assistive modality, respectively. The maximum value for the RMS SYN is reported in the upper right corner of the plot of S1. On the bottom of the RMS SYN the p-values, Bonferroni corrected for the number of targets, between free movements and passive modality (top row) and between passive and assistive modality (bottom row) are reported using a gray scale. On the bottom of the weighting coefficients, the average DOTSYN for each synergy for the three conditions (blue for free movements, dark red for passive modality, and green for assistive modality). The mean and standard errors refer to six subjects. On the left, the spatiotemporal organization maps for each muscle synergy in free movements (first column), passive modality (second column), and assistive modality (third column). Each map is the average one among six subjects and three repetitions. On the x-axis the duration of the movement is represented in percentage and it includes the forward and backward movement. In the fourth column, the R Map-SYN are reported for all the targets. Blue lines code the comparison between free movements and passive modality. Green lines code the comparison between passive and assistive modality. The maximum value for the correlation is reported in the upper right corner of each plot. b The average VAF for the three conditions (blue for free movements, dark red for passive modality, and green for assistive modality)