From: Effects of variable practice on the motor learning outcomes in manual wheelchair propulsion
Study | Group | N | Treadmill/Ergometer | Total duration (min) | Velocity m/s | Power output | Mechanical Efficiency (%)a; | P value; Current vs previous studiesb |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Present study | Variable practice | 11 | Testing on treadmill, practice in a gym | ±269 | 1.11 | 0.23 W/kg | 4.5 → 5.7 (27) | - |
Present study | Control | 12 | Testing on treadmill, no practice | 24 | 1.11 | 0.22 W/kg | 4.5 → 4.4 (−2) | - |
Vegter et al., 2014 [5] | Fast improvers | 26 | Treadmill | 80 | 1.11 | 0.20 W/kg | 4.9 → 5.9 (20) | x |
Slow improvers | 13 | Treadmill | 80 | 1.11 |  | 5.5 → 5.5 (0) | x | |
De Groot et al., 2008 [6] | x | 14 | Testing on ergometer, Practice on treadmill | 1470 | 1.39 | 20% POpeak | 4.32 → 5.65 (31) | 0.413 |
x |  |  |  |  | 40% POpeak | 6.41 → 8.33 (30) | 0.662 | |
De Groot et al., 2002 [7] | x | 10 | Ergometer | 72 | 1.11 | 0.15 W/kg | 5.54 → 5.87 (6) | x |
x |  |  |  |  | 0.25 W/kg | 7.45 → 8.11 (9) | x | |
Leving et al., 2015 [8] | Feedback | 17 | Treadmill | 80 | 1.11 | 0.24 W/kg | 5.25 → 5.23 (−0.4) | <0.001 |
Natural learning | 15 | Treadmill | 80 | 1.11 | 0.25 W/kg | 5.71 → 6.67 (17) | 0.167 | |
de Groot et al., 2013 [24] | Training at 30%HRR | 9 | Testing on ergometer, Practice on treadmill | 630 | 1.39 | 20% POpeak | 5.36 → 6.27 (17) | 0.197 |
 |  |  |  |  | 40% POpeak | 7.25 → 9.0 (24) | 0.684 | |
Training at 70%HRR | 13 | Testing on ergometer, Practice on treadmill | 630 | 1.39 | 20% POpeak | 6.25 → 7.36 (18) | 0.371 | |
 |  |  |  |  | 40% POpeak | 8.33 → 9.85 (18) | 0.220 |