Table 3 Summary of studies: outcomes, measures and results
From: The effectiveness of robotic-assisted gait training for paediatric gait disorders: systematic review
Group studies | Outcome of interest | Measure | Component of health | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body structure/function | Activity and participation | Contextual factors | |||
Druzbicki 2010 [15] | Balance | Parameters of balance using balance platform | Exp 5/14 parameters improved (p < 0.05). Control – 0/14 (NSD) | ||
Druzbicki 2013 [18] | Gait | 3D gait | NSD | ||
Smania 2011 [4] | Gait speed Distance Gait Function | 10MWT 6MinWT 3D gait WeeFIM | p = 0.008 p = 0.008 NSD NSD | ||
Nikityuk 2016 [20] | Balance | Stabilometry Plantography | Improvements in RAGT plus FES superior to RAGT alone | ||
Brutsch 2011 [14] | Joint motion Engagement in therapy | Biofeedback values Self-designed questionnaire: enjoyment of VR | p < 0.001 Enjoyed DVD most, but led to reduced engagement | ||
Patritti 2010 [5] | Distance Gait speed Standing Walking Gait | 6MinWT 10MWT GMFM 66: D GMFM 66: E 3D gait | NSD Better with augmented f/b NSD | ||
Schroeder 2014 [19] | Standing Walking Gait speed Distance Self-goals | GMFM 66: D GMFM 66: E 10MWT 6MinWT COPM | P < 0.01a P < 0.01a NSD NSD P < 0.05 | ||
Bayon 2016 [17] | Gait Range of movement | 3D gait Trunk rotation &hip flex/ext | ‘specific developments’ | ‘improved’ | |
Borggraefe 2008 [21] | Distance Gait speed Standing Walking | 6MinWT 10MWT GMFM 66: D GMFM 66: E | 55 m to 115 m 0.25 to 0.6 m/s 12.8 to 25.6% 18.1–26.4% | ||
Borggraefe 2010 [25] | Standing Walking | GMFM 66: D GMFM 66: E | p−0.001 p < 0.001 | ||
Borggraefe 2010 [12] | Adverse events | Number Significance | 47 AE in 38 pts Mild−moderate | ||
Borggraefe 2010 [22] (6/12 follow-up) | Standing Walking Gait speed Distance | GMFM 66: D GMFM 66: E 10MWT 6MinWT | P < 0.05 P < 0.05 P < 0.05 P < 0.05 | ||
Koenig 2008 [16] | Realism of feedback | Questionnaire | ‘Satisfactory impression’ | ||
Meyer-Heim 2007 [13] | Mobility Gait speed Standing Walking Gait assist Distance | Walk time, walk distance 10MWT GMFM 66: D GMFM 66: E FAC 6MinWT | NSD p < 0.001 (inpt) p = 0.01 (outpt) p < 0.05 (inpt) p < 0.01 (in/outpt) NSD | p < 0.05 | |
Meyer-Heim 2009 [23] | Gait speed Standing Walking Gait assist Distance | 10MWT GMFM 66: D GMFM 66: E FAC 6MinWT | P < 0.01 P = 0.05 NSD NSD | NSD | |
Schroeder 2014 [11] | Standing Walking | GMFM 66: D GMFM 66: E | P < 0.05a P < 0.05a | ||
Van Hedel 2015 [24] | Function Gait speed Standing Walking Gait assist Distance | WeeFIM 10MWT GMFM 66: D GMFM 66: E FAC 6MinWT | P = 0.003 P = 0.018 NSD NSD NSD | NSD | |