Table 2 Kinematic outcomes of the Finger-to-Nose test in all participants^a

Temporal variables

Control group (n = 41)

Whole group (n = 33)

Stroke group

Mild stroke (n = 23)

Moderate stroke (n = 10)

Total movement time, s

6.80 (1.94)

9.38 (3.58) ^b

8.27 (2.51)

11.92 (4.47)^c

Pointing time, s

0.53 (0.13)

0.73 (0.24) ^b

0.64 (0.17)

0.95 (0.26) ^c

Peak speed, mm/s

2628 (503)

2073 (556) ^b

2265 (524)

1629 (342)^c

Time to Peak speed, s

0.22 (0.05)

0.27 (0.06) ^b

0.25 (0.07)

0.30 (0.05)^c

Time to Peak speed, %

42.3 (5.3)

38.0 (7.0)^b

40.2 (5.6)

32.8 (7.4)^c

Number of movement units, n

1.0 (0.1)

1.5 (0.8)^b

1.2 (0.4)

2.1 (1.2)^c

IJC shoulder flexion/elbow flexion

0.93 (0.04)

0.96 (0.03)^b

0.95 (0.04)

0.97 (0.02)

Path ratio

1.12 (0.03)

1.15 (0.04) ^b

1.14 (0.04)

1.17 (0.04)

Total variability, mm

13.7 (5.0)

23.7 (16.7)^b

20.3 (11.3)

31.3 (24.2)^c

Variable error, mm

5.8 (1.7)

11.7 (7.5) ^b

11.5 (8.2)

12.2 (6.2)

  Shoulder flexion

32.2 (10.6)

31.4 (11.7)

28.5 (10.8)

37.9 (11.4)

  Shoulder abduction

9.0 (5.1)

7.8 (4.4)

7.4 (4.6)

8.8 (3.9)

  Elbow flexion

74.8 (9.9)

69.9 (12.1)

74.3 (11.0)

59.9 (8.3) ^c

  Forearm rotation

61.5 (14.9)

53.2 (16.4)^b

54.9 (12.8)

49.2 (23.0)

Acromion displacement, mm

−7.9 (6.6)

−18.9 (15.4) ^b

−14.3 (8.9)

−29.6 (21.7)^c

Nose displacement, mm

1.0 (4.9)

-1.2 (6.7)

-0.1 (5.0)

0.3 (2.6)