Pattern of improvement in upper limb pointing task kinematics after a 3-month training program with robotic assistance in stroke

Table 2 Clinical outcomes

Fugl-Meyer	M2 (n = 19)	M3 (n = 18)	M4 (n = 17)	M5 (n = 15)	M2 vs M5 p
Overall (66)	18.0 (8.0)	25.9 (12.1)^a	29.3 (14.5)^a	36.5 (12.1)^a,b	1.6E⁻³
Shoulder/Elbow (36)	13.1 (5.3)	18.4 (6.8)^a	19.3 (7.8)^a	21.8 (6.5)^a	5.7E⁻⁵
Wrist (10)	1.3 (2.0)	2.4 (2.6)	2.8 (3.1)	5.5 (5.5)^a,b	8.5E⁻⁴
Hand (14)	2.4 (2.7)	4.4 (3.7)	5.3 (4.7)^a	6.2 (4.6)^a	2.5E⁻³
Coord velocity (6)	1.6 (1.8)	1.5 (1.6)	2.7 (2.0)^b	3.0 (1.6)^b	ns

Results expressed as mean (SD). In the first column, total score and subscores are indicated with each corresponding maximal possible score in brackets. Sample sizes slightly decreased from M2 to M5 due to missing data. Coord velocity subscore, “Coordination velocity” (rapid alternating elbow movements). ^avs M2: p < 0.05; ^bvs M3: p < 0.05

ISSN: 1743-0003