Standing on slopes – how current microprocessor-controlled prosthetic feet support transtibial and transfemoral amputees in an everyday task

Ernst, Michael; Altenburg, Björn; Bellmann, Malte; Schmalz, Thomas

doi:10.1186/s12984-017-0322-2

Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation

Table 6 Mean leg joint moments for the different situations and feet

From: Standing on slopes – how current microprocessor-controlled prosthetic feet support transtibial and transfemoral amputees in an everyday task

			Prosthetic TT	Prosthetic TF	Sound TT	Sound TF	non-Amp
Ankle torque	Level	Everyday Feet	0.38 ± 0.11	0.40 ± 0.09	0.36 ± 0.06	0.33 ± 0.05	0.26 ± 0.08
		Meridium	0.41 ± 0.09	0.33 ± 0.13	0.35 ± 0.10	0.31 ± 0.07
		Elan	0.07 ± 0.09	0.07 ± 0.10	0.34 ± 0.08	0.31 ± 0.08
		Proprio	0.22 ± 0.04	0.20 ± 0.03	0.35 ± 0.06	0.31 ± 0.07
		TSA	0.36 ± 0.07	0.31 ± 0.04	0.32 ± 0.11	0.30 ± 0.06
		Raize	0.32 ± 0.06		0.29 ± 0.13
	Down (KSF on/off)	Everyday Feet	−0.02 ± 0.24	0.11 ± 0.24 / 0.15 ± 0.18	0.43 ± 0.13	0.42 ± 0.14 / 0.44 ± 0.22	0.21 ± 0.08
		Meridium	0.38 ± 0.10	0.24 ± 0.05 / 0.24 ± 0.07	0.33 ± 0.08	0.29 ± 0.06 / 0.30 ± 0.10
		Elan	−0.10 ± 0.08	−0.05 ± 0.07 / -0.11 ± 0.16	0.39 ± 0.08	0.27 ± 0.12 / 0.37 ± 0.16
		Proprio	−0.10 ± 0.15	0.09 ± 0.18 / 0.00 ± 0.20	0.39 ± 0.03	0.29 ± 0.09 / 0.35 ± 0.12
		TSA	0.04 ± 0.02	0.04 ± 0.04 / 0.06 ± 0.09	0.25 ± 0.13	0.32 ± 0.09 / 0.25 ± 0.04
		Raize	0.06 ± 0.03		0.20 ± 0.14
	Up	Everyday Feet	0.62 ± 0.15	0.66 ± 0.07	0.30 ± 0.13	0.51 ± 0.23	0.30 ± 0.06
		Meridium	0.32 ± 0.09	0.32 ± 0.04	0.36 ± 0.03	0.37 ± 0.11
		Elan	0.23 ± 0.01	0.48 ± 0.09	0.26 ± 0.05	0.36 ± 0.07
		Proprio	0.46 ± 0.02	0.52 ± 0.04	0.40 ± 0.10	0.45 ± 0.12
		TSA	0.44 ± 0.16	0.61 ± 0.08	0.30 ± 0.12	0.39 ± 0.15
		Raize	0.52 ± 0.15		0.23 ± 0.11
knee torque	Level	Everyday Feet	0.12 ± 0.03	0.13 ± 0.02	0.15 ± 0.09	0.18 ± 0.06	0.14 ± 0.08
		Meridium	0.17 ± 0.05	0.11 ± 0.09	0.14 ± 0.10	0.15 ± 0.03
		Elan	−0.01 ± 0.06	0.07 ± 0.03	0.15 ± 0.13	0.19 ± 0.10
		Proprio	0.13 ± 0.02	0.13 ± 0.06	0.14 ± 0.09	0.13 ± 0.11
		TSA	0.12 ± 0.06	0.14 ± 0.03	0.12 ± 0.08	0.14 ± 0.06
		Raize	0.07 ± 0.06		0.11 ± 0.08
	Down (KSF on/off)	Everyday Feet	−0.16 ± 0.04	−0.21 ± 0.28 / -0.01 ± 0.03	0.12 ± 0.35	−0.02 ± 0.28 / -0.04 ± 0.33	0.10 ± 0.07
		Meridium	0.11 ± 0.03	0.06 ± 0.05 / 0.07 ± 0.06	0.11 ± 0.10	0.15 ± 0.01 / 0.16 ± 0.04
		Elan	−0.17 ± 0.04	−0.21 ± 0.05 / 0.00 ± 0.06	0.15 ± 0.16	−0.07 ± 0.11 / 0.12 ± 0.17
		Proprio	−0.16 ± 0.06	−0.24 ± 0.03 / -0.01 ± 0.09	0.05 ± 0.25	−0.19 ± 0.26 / -0.04 ± 0.38
		TSA	0.04 ± 0.07	−0.09 ± 0.09 / 0.04 ± 0.02	0.08 ± 0.11	−0.04 ± 0.20 / -0.01 ± 0.16
		Raize	−0.03 ± 0.07		0.07 ± 0.08
	Up	Everyday Feet	0.34 ± 0.28	0.29 ± 0.07	0.07 ± 0.06	0.24 ± 0.14	0.14 ± 0.07
		Meridium	0.14 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.08	0.13 ± 0.10	0.21 ± 0.06
		Elan	0.26 ± 0.04	0.30 ± 0.06	0.14 ± 0.11	0.24 ± 0.07
		Proprio	0.38 ± 0.06	0.31 ± 0.09	0.12 ± 0.07	0.25 ± 0.08
		TSA	0.21 ± 0.15	0.31 ± 0.04	0.10 ± 0.12	0.19 ± 0.10
		Raize	0.29 ± 0.14		0.04 ± 0.11
hip torque	Level	Everyday Feet	−0.02 ± 0.07	0.00 ± 0.08	−0.10 ± 0.05	0.03 ± 0.08	−0.06 ± 0.05
		Meridium	−0.02 ± 0.07	−0.02 ± 0.09	−0.07 ± 0.05	−0.06 ± 0.01
		Elan	−0.01 ± 0.12	0.01 ± 0.06	−0.12 ± 0.10	0.07 ± 0.12
		Proprio	0.07 ± 0.06	0.00 ± 0.05	−0.08 ± 0.08	−0.01 ± 0.10
		TSA	0.00 ± 0.08	0.02 ± 0.06	−0.08 ± 0.10	0.00 ± 0.13
		Raize	0.04 ± 0.08		−0.12 ± 0.09
	Down (KSF on/off)	Everyday Feet	0.01 ± 0.08	0.09 ± 0.15 / 0.26 ± 0.12	−0.08 ± 0.02	0.03 ± 0.08 / -0.04 ± 0.07	−0.06 ± 0.06
		Meridium	−0.05 ± 0.11	0.01 ± 0.10 / 0.00 ± 0.13	−0.09 ± 0.07	−0.06 ± 0.01 / -0.06 ± 0.03
		Elan	0.04 ± 0.09	0.10 ± 0.12 / 0.22 ± 0.15	−0.13 ± 0.07	0.07 ± 0.12 / 0.05 ± 0.17
		Proprio	0.09 ± 0.04	0.13 ± 0.18 / 0.24 ± 0.10	−0.11 ± 0.10	−0.01 ± 0.10 / -0.10 ± 0.12
		TSA	0.14 ± 0.10	0.09 ± 0.12 / 0.13 ± 0.04	−0.08 ± 0.09	0.00 ± 0.13 / -0.06 ± 0.10
		Raize	0.12 ± 0.05		−0.11 ± 0.12
	Up	Everyday Feet	0.12 ± 0.24	0.03 ± 0.08	−0.08 ± 0.07	0.05 ± 0.05	−0.04 ± 0.06
		Meridium	−0.02 ± 0.10	−0.02 ± 0.17	−0.06 ± 0.05	0.04 ± 0.08
		Elan	0.08 ± 0.14	0.05 ± 0.09	−0.05 ± 0.06	0.07 ± 0.15
		Proprio	0.10 ± 0.14	0.05 ± 0.07	−0.03 ± 0.10	0.02 ± 0.09
		TSA	0.05 ± 0.09	0.04 ± 0.07	−0.06 ± 0.13	−0.03 ± 0.11
		Raize	0.15 ± 0.14		−0.07 ± 0.15

Mean leg joint moments in Nm/kg ± SD shown. Significant differences to the reference group (non-Amp) marked bold (p < 0.0083 for TT and p < 0.01 for TF). Ankle torques: positive – dorsiflexing, negative – plantar flexing; knee torques: positive – extending, negative – flexing; hip torques: positive – flexing, negative – extending. Note, the torques acting on the prosthetic ankle joint are only conditionally comparable between the feet and to non-amputees, since the (posterior-anterior) position of the mechanical ankle joint depends on the foot

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ISSN: 1743-0003

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