Fig. 4

Assessment of wrist rotation function with the handle device. a Diagram of isometric wrist rotation module with the D-grip handle manipulandum. Green arrows indicate force direction. b Example of single isometric wrist pronation and supination trials from uninjured and cSCI participants. c Wrist pronation and supination force produced using the handle is significantly reduce in cSCI participants compared to uninjured controls. d Diagram of the isotonic wrist pronation and supination ROM device with the handle manipulandum illustrating direction of movement. e Example of single flexion and extension ROM trials performed with the handle by uninjured and cSCI participants. f cSCI participants exhibit comparable wrist pronation ROM and a small, but significant, reduction in wrist supination ROM. Individual data is depicted with open circles. Error bars indicate SD. Significant differences were determined by Wilcoxon rank sum tests and are noted as ***p < 0.001