Fig. 2

a The FastStart electrical stimulator held by the participant and the surface electrodes used for the facilitation phase. Electrodes were positioned on the muscle belly of the superior (not seen) and posterior peri-auricular muscles (see Insert). The insert view also shows the ear movement electrode positioned on the auricle helix that was used for motion feedback. b A participant attempting to activate PAMs during NMES. The computer screen with motion feedback is in front and the mirror is positioned to the left