| SB group (n = 12) | CON group (n = 12) | RM ANCOVA | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T0 | T1 | Change (T1-T0) | p-value | T2 | Change (T2-T0) | p-value | T0 | T1 | Change (T1-T0) | p-value | T2 | Change (T2-T0) | p-value | F | p-value | |
Strength | 22.3 ± 14.0 | 29.4 ± 18.0 | 7.2 ± 10.0 | 0.034 | 27.3 ± 20.0 | 5.1 ± 12.2 | 0.153 | 19.7 ± 11.4 | 28.3 ± 13.1 | 8.58 ± 10.7 | 0.027 | 27.0 ± 14.3 | 7.3 ± 12.5 | 0.065 | 0.327 | 0.723 |
Hand function | 0.8 ± 1.9 | 2.9 ± 5.8 | 2.1 ± 5.8 | 0.180 | 2.9 ± 6.2 | 2.1 ± 6.6 | 0.285 | 5.4 ± 8.6 | 6.3 ± 12.1 | 0.8 ± 8.5 | 0.891 | 8.3 ± 13.7 | 2.9 ± 12.1 | 0.357 | 0.086 | 0.858 |
Mobility | 50.7 ± 26.0 | 53.6 ± 20.0 | 2.9 ± 15.9 | 0.386 | 58.5 ± 18.1 | 7.8 ± 16.5 | 0.103 | 69.9 ± 28.9 | 68.0 ± 30.3 | − 1.9 ± 7.9 | 0.675 | 73.7 ± 29.1 | 3.8 ± 7.0 | 0.046 | 1.844 | 0.171 |
ADLs/IADLs | 59.2 ± 15.6 | 61.7 ± 14.7 | 2.5 ± 13.6 | 0.789 | 62.9 ± 12.6 | 3.8 ± 12.5 | 0.307 | 64.5 ± 15.5 | 62.5 ± 15.1 | − 2.0 ± 6.1 | 0.259 | 70.8 ± 16.3 | 2.5 ± 6.1 | 0.085 | 0.667 | 0.519 |
Memory and thinking | 70.2 ± 20.8 | 80.1 ± 15.4 | 9.9 ± 16.1 | 0.052 | 76.7 ± 16.9 | 6.5 ± 16.9 | 0.258 | 86.3 ± 10.0 | 85.5 ± 13.5 | − 0.8 ± 7.3 | 0.865 | 88.8 ± 11.2 | 6.3 ± 10.1 | 0.172 | 4.484 | 0.017 |
Communication | 83.8 ± 20.1 | 90.4 ± 16.8 | 6.6 ± 18.8 | 0.123 | 89.9 ± 19.1 | 6.1 ± 18.9 | 0.123 | 95.2 ± 5.5 | 90.7 ± 10.4 | −4.5 ± 6.2 | 0.034 | 92.8 ± 9.5 | −2.3 ± 5.4 | 0.167 | 4.009 | 0.051 |
Emotion | 65.1 ± 17.9 | 70.8 ± 15.1 | 5.7 ± 15.5 | 0.182 | 70.8 ± 18.6 | 5.7 ± 12.5 | 0.212 | 80.5 ± 13.7 | 79.0 ± 15.8 | −1.5 ± 5.5 | 0.475 | 80.1 ± 15.3 | − 0.4 ± 8.9 | 0.959 | 1.901 | 0.163 |
Social participation | 36.2 ± 20.6 | 42.8 ± 23.2 | 6.6 ± 10.1 | 0.050 | 41.3 ± 22.5 | 5.2 ± 9.9 | 0.096 | 39.3 ± 12.3 | 41.5 ± 15.7 | 2.2 ± 14.5 | 0.574 | 41.7 ± 11.1 | 2.3 ± 9.5 | 0.444 | 0.144 | 0.867 |
Recovery | 31.7 ± 13.5 | 43.3 ± 13.9 | 11.7 ± 13.2 | 0.004 | 45.0 ± 13.7 | 13.3 ± 13.9 | 0.004 | 47.5 ± 17.1 | 49.6 ± 15.3 | 2.1 ± 8.1 | 0.493 | 57.5 ± 17.0 | 10.0 ± 10.2 | 0.011 | 2.673 | 0.081 |
Overall | 388.2 ± 93.4 | 431.6 ± 58.4 | 43.4 ± 56.1 | 0.033 | 430.3 ± 70.8 | 42.2 ± 60.5 | 0.041 | 460.8 ± 72.0 | 461.7 ± 85.3 | 0.8 ± 24.3 | 0.824 | 483.3 ± 89.4 | 22.4 ± 30.2 | 0.018 | 3.559 | 0.038 |