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Table 1 Walking trials performed during the three experimental sessions

From: Walking with a powered ankle-foot orthosis: the effects of actuation timing and stiffness level on healthy users

Sess.

Trial

P

eLR

OnT

PT

OffT

BSwT

POTq

1st

NW

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

ZT

       

2nd

NW2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

ON10

40%

10%

10%

50%

70%

75%

0.29 Nm/kg

 

ON20

  

20%

    
 

ON36

  

36%

    

3 rd

NW3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

PR20

20%

10%

20%

50%

70%

75%

0.29 Nm/kg

 

PR40

40%

      
 

PR60

60%

      
  1. NW stands for normal walking trial, with number indicating the session; ZT stands for zero torque (i.e., unassisted) walking trial; ON and PR indicate assisted walking trials, with the number indicating the push-off onset time (for ON) and spring pre-compression level (for PR) used. The assistance parameters used during the assisted walking trials are given in the table. The definition of the assistance parameters is shown in Fig. 2. P indicates the spring pre-compression, thus, the stiffness level of the actuator.