Walking with robot-generated haptic forces in a virtual environment: a new approach to analyze lower limb coordination

Table 1 Participant demographics

Factor	Lower function chronic stroke (LF)	Higher function chronic stroke (HF)	Control group (CG)
Sample size (n)	7	7	14
Gender (M/F)	5/2	5/2	7/7
Age (years)	70.4 ± 3.2	70.9 ± 2.9	71.8 ± 2.7
Leash/cane hand (left/right)	6/1	2/5	5/9
Gait speed—overground (m/s)	0.55 ± 0.18	1.04 ± 0.26	1.33 ± 0.23
Chronicity (years)	> 0.5	> 0.5	N/A
Use of assistive device—overground	6	1	0

Demographics table for lower function chronic stroke (LF), higher function chronic stroke (HF) and healthy control group (CG) individuals. The LF and HF subgroups were determined based on a 0.8 m/s overground walking speed threshold. Assistive devices for daily overground walking included the use of canes and walkers. Individuals in the LF and HF groups held the leash or cane in the non-paretic hand, while individuals in the CG group held the leash or cane with the preferred dominant hand.

ISSN: 1743-0003