Group | Outcome | Preforce | 10Â N force | Postforce | Preforce | 15Â N force | Postforce | Cane |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Gait speed (m/s) | 0.27 ± 0.12 | 0.31 ± 0.13 | 0.31 ± 0.14* | 0.24 ± 0.08 | 0.29 ± 0.09 | 0.30 ± 0.10* | 0.31 ± 0.15 |
LF | Area (deg2) | 6.2 ± 3.0/1.6 ± 1.1 | 7.6 ± 4.0/1.9 ± 0.9 | 7.7 ± 4.2/1.9 ± 0.9 | 5.9 ± 2.4/1.6 ± 0.7 | 6.9 ± 2.6/1.9 ± 1.1 | 7.3 ± 2.8/2.2 ± 1.0 | 6.4 ± 3.5/1.9 ± 0.8 |
 | Sobolev norm | 26.6 ± 6.9/14.4 ± 4.5 | 28.6 ± 7.7/15.8 ± 3.1 | 28.6 ± 9.5/16.1 ± 3.0 | 26.2 ± 6.9/13.4 ± 3.2 | 27.6 ± 6.1/15.3 ± 3.8* | 28.3 ± 7.3/17.0 ± 4.3* | 29.1 ± 9.5*/15.9 ± 3.5* |
 | Gait speed (m/s) | 0.63 ± 0.32 | 0.74 ± 0.35* | 0.68 ± 0.36 | 0.66 ± 0.36 | 0.77 ± 0.38 | 0.73 ± 0.39 | 0.68 ± 0.36 |
HF | Area (deg2) | 12.8 ± 7.5/8.9 ± 6.9 | 14.2 ± 7.9/9.8 ± 7.3 | 13.3 ± 8.2/9.5 ± 7.0 | 13.1 ± 7.9/9.0 ± 7.4 | 15.0 ± 8.4*/9.5 ± 7.5 | 15.5 ± 8.8/10.2 ± 7.7 | 13.4 ± 8.7/9.7 ± 7.4 |
 | Sobolev norm | 38.0 ± 12.9/31.5 ± 14.4 | 41.5 ± 14.2/33.7 ± 14.7 | 40.6 ± 18.2/33.1 ± 14.6 | 37.9 ± 15.2/31.3 ± 15.6 | 41.7 ± 15.6*/33.6 ± 15.3 | 41.1 ± 15.6/34.2 ± 14.7 | 38.5 ± 15.5/32.4 ± 15.3 |
 | Gait speed (m/s) | 1.00 ± 0.34 | 1.13 ± 0.30* | 1.14 ± 0.30 | 1.07 ± 0.33 | 1.19 ± 0.34* | 1.15 ± 0.35 | 1.08 ± 0.37 |
CG | Area (deg2) | 19.4 ± 5.9/19.3 ± 7.0 | 21.1 ± 5.8/21.6 ± 7.1* | 22.6 ± 6.9/22.0 ± 8.0 | 20.4 ± 5.4/20.5 ± 7.2 | 21.0 ± 6.4*/22.6 ± 7.6 | 21.9 ± 5.3/22.6 ± 8.9 | 20.9 ± 7.3/21.7 ± 7.7 |
 | Sobolev norm | 47.5 ± 8.4/47.3 ± 9.7 | 51.3 ± 7.2*/50.9 ± 8.6* | 51.6 ± 7.0/50.7 ± 8.0* | 48.5 ± 6.8/48.9 ± 8.8 | 50.8 ± 6.3*/51.6 ± 8.1* | 51.8 ± 7.5/51.3 ± 8.6 | 49.8 ± 8.9/49.1 ± 9.1 |