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Table 3 Onset/offset bias averaged over the simulated test set for each value of SNR and for each muscle activity detector

From: Long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network for muscle activity detection

SNR

Onset bias (ms)

Offset bias (ms)

 

TKEO

Stat detector

LSTM-MAD

TKEO

Stat detector

LSTM-MAD

30 dB

− 4.5 ± 0.8

1.1 ± 1.4

0.8 ± 0.2

7.8 ± 1.0

− 10.7 ± 1.6

0.6 ± 0.3

26 dB

− 2.3 ± 0.73

10.6 ± 2.3

− 0.2 ± 0.4

3.2 ± 1.0

− 20.6 ± 2.3

0.1 ± 0.4

23 dB

0.2 ± 1.1

23.2 ± 2.9

− 0.72 ± 0.7

0.7 ± 1.1

− 29.8 ± 2.6

− 0.6 ± 0.6

20 dB

2.8 ± 1.3

36.4 ± 3.4

1.1 ± 0.9

− 4.8 ± 1.3

− 46.4 ± 3.5

− 2.2 ± 0.9

16 dB

15.4 ± 2.1

67.1 ± 4.7

2.9 ± 1.5

− 13.9 ± 1.9

− 76.5 ± 4.5

2.5 ± 1.7

13 dB

21.0 ± 2.6

105.0 ± 5.6

1.5 ± 2.0

− 20.5 ± 2.7

− 109.9 ± 5.9

− 0.4 ± 1.9

10 dB

33.0 ± 3.2

129.0 ± 7.5

3.4 ± 2.6

− 35.1 ± 3.3

− 139.8 ± 7.88

− 2.8 ± 2.2

6 dB

59.1 ± 4.2

200.3 ± 21.8

6.6 ± 3.3

− 55.6 ± 4.4

− 202.2 ± 21.8

4.5 ± 3.3

3 dB

86.3 ± 5.6

171.3 ± 19.3

20.8 ± 4.4

− 83.9 ± 5.3

− 196.6 ± 15.3

− 1.9 ± 3.5

  1. Values of parameters are reported as mean ± standard error over the simulated test set
  2. TKEO Teager–Kaiser Energy Operator, Stat Detector statistical double threshold detector, LSTM-MAD long short-term memory muscle activity detector, SNR signal-to-noise ratio