Brain white matter correlates of learning ankle tracking using a wearable device: importance of the superior longitudinal fasciculus II

Table 2 Comparison of ankle dorsiflexor strength, RMSE scores, and GFA values between baseline and retention tests

	Baseline test		Retention test		Sex main effect	Time main effect	Time*Sex Interaction
	Male	Female	Male	Female	Sex main effect	Time main effect	Time*Sex Interaction
Ankle dorsiflexor strength^a	27.714 ± 7.064	19.805 ± 3.866	26.967 ± 4.770	21.097 ± 2.958	0.111	0.008*	0.111
RMSE
Repeated sequence	0.058 ± 0.013	0.060 ± 0.014	0.036 ± 0.008	0.036 ± 0.007	0.753	0.000*	0.656
Random sequence	0.056 ± 0.012	0.059 ± 0.017	0.037 ± 0.008	0.035 ± 0.008	0.882	0.000*	0.324
GFA of association fibers
R ILF	0.409 ± 0.051	0.386 ± 0.038	0.418 ± 0.057	0.387 ± 0.033	0.145	0.182	0.298
R SLF I	0.513 ± 0.037	0.507 ± 0.026	0.513 ± 0.040	0.501 ± 0.023	0.466	0.293	0.359
R SLF II	0.432 ± 0.044	0.434 ± 0.025	0.435 ± 0.042	0.438 ± 0.022	0.874	0.039*	0.756
R SLF III	0.406 ± 0.059	0.401 ± 0.031	0.408 ± 0.054	0.402 ± 0.033	0.747	0.599	0.777
GFA of projection fibers
R CST-toe	0.596 ± 0.031	0.575 ± 0.027	0.609 ± 0.027	0.578 ± 0.030	0.046*	0.011*	0.120
R FS-DLPFC^a	0.484 ± 0.037	0.476 ± 0.021	0.478 ± 0.038	0.472 ± 0.021	0.561	0.005*	0.481
R FS-precentral	0.481 ± 0.029	0.446 ± 0.024	0.480 ± 0.042	0.442 ± 0.028	0.831	0.443	0.831
R TR-DLPFC	0.520 ± 0.033	0.509 ± 0.020	0.515 ± 0.034	0.504 ± 0.017	0.272	0.021*	0.919

^aBaseline value was used as covariate because of baseline sex differences. Data are presented as mean ± SD
^*p < 0.05
CST: corticospinal tract; DLPFC: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; FS: frontal-striatum; GFA: general fractional anisotropy; ILF: inferior longitudinal fasciculus; R: right; RMSE: root-mean-squared-error; SLF: superior longitudinal fasciculus; TR, thalamic radiation

ISSN: 1743-0003