Table 2 Upper limb motor abilities

Accuracy

Spatial error of movements relative to optimal behavior

x

[9, 16, 35]

Efficacy

Successful achievement of a targeted task goal

x

[9, 16, 35]

Efficiency

Quality of how a targeted task goal is reached

x

x

[9, 16, 35]

Adapted for EMG domain

Movement amplitude

Maximally reachable area or volume with a specific joint and position-related aspects of single or multiple joints

x

[9, 16, 35]

Muscular effort

Muscular activation associated with the production of muscle tension while achieving a task

x

//

Intra-limb coordination

Correlation and redundancies in upper limb joints that produce different strategies to complete the task

x

x

[9]

Adapted for EMG domain

Planning predictability

Ability to perform goal-directed movements in a feedforward manner

x

x

[9, 16, 35]

Power

Ability to produce force or power while performing exercises

x

//

Smoothness

Quality of feedforward control based on the deviation of the velocity profile to an optimal, bell-shaped velocity profile

x

x

[9, 16, 35]

Speed

How fast movements are performed

x

[9, 16, 35]