Quantitative measurement of resistance force and subsequent attenuation during passive isokinetic extension of the wrist in patients with mild to moderate spasticity after stroke

Table 3 Comparison of the 1st and 10th (2nd and 11th of 11 repetition) measured values at each velocity in various parameters (average ± SD)

Angular velocity	Maximum RF (N)		P value	Damping force (N)		P value	Damping force ratio		P value
Angular velocity	1st	10th	P value	1st	10th	P value	1st	10th	P value
30 deg/s	13.0 ± 9.4	12.1 ± 8.8	< 0.05 (W)	1.33 ± 0.76	1.10 ± 0.69	p < 0.05 (W)	0.12 ± 0.044	0.11 ± 0.064	p = 0.49 (W)
60 deg/s	11.3 ± 7.8	10.6 ± 7.1	< 0.01 (P)	1.41 ± 1.04	1.16 ± 0.82	p = 0.13 (W)	0.14 ± 0.070	0.13 ± 0.086	p = 0.58 (W)
90 deg/s	11.5 ± 8.0	10.9 ± 7.9	< 0.01 (W)	1.64 ± 1.04	1.60 ± 1.07	p = 0.75 (P)	0.16 ± 0.085	0.16 ± 0.079	p = 0.93 (P)

Angular velocity	Pure dumping impulse (N·s)		P value	Total dumping impulse (N·s)		P value	Damping impulse ratio		P-value
Angular velocity	1st	10th	P value	1st	10th	P value	1st	10th	P-value
30 deg/s	0.93 ± 0.59	0.73 ± 0.50	p < 0.05 (W)	22.16 ± 17.45	20.45 ± 15.71	p = 0.098 (W)	0.050 ± 0.018	0.044 ± 0.026	p = 0.063 (W)
60 deg/s	0.92 ± 0.76	0.73 ± 0.58	p = 0.12 (W)	18.56 ± 13.40	17.74 ± 12.46	p = 0.14 (P)	0.054 ± 0.033	0.054 ± 0.045	p = 0.40 (W)
90 deg/s	0.93 ± 0.63	0.88 ± 0.70	p = 0.49 (W)	18.12 ± 14.48	16.97 ± 13.68	p = 0.051 (W)	0.060 ± 0.029	0.057 ± 0.025	p = 0.41 (P)

Shapiro–Wilk normality test was applied to check the distribution of data
For non parametric data, Wilcoxon signed rank test (W) was conducted, otherwise paired t test (P) was conducted

ISSN: 1743-0003