Table 2 Levels of evidence and critical appraisal scores
Study | OCEBM level and study design | Items on modified McMaster critical appraisal tool (MMCAT) | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | Raw score and % | ||
Awad 2020 [46] | IV; Case series | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | N/A | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 10/13; 76.9% |
Birch 2017 [39] | IV; Cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | N/A | N/A | 0 | 1 | 1 | N/A | 1 | 8/11; 72,7% |
Bortole 2015 [48] | IV; Case series | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | N/A | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7/13; 53.8% |
Chihara 2016 [47] | IV; Case series | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | N/A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3/13; 23.1% |
Corbianco 2021 [38] | IIB; RCT | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 7/14; 50.0% |
Del-Ama 2015 [41] | IV; Case series | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | N/A | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 9/13; 69.2% |
Dijsseldonk 2020 [13] | IV; Case series | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | N/A | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | N/A | 1 | 9/12; 75% |
Esquenazi 2012 [37] | IV; Case series | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | N/A | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9/13; 69.2% |
Fernández-Vázquez 2021 [50] | IV; Cross-sectional | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | N/A | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | N/A | 1 | 11/12; 91.7% |
Gómez-Vargas 2021 [45] | IV; Case series | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | N/A | N/A | 1 | 1 | 1 | N/A | 1 | 10/11; 90.9% |
Høyer 2020 [44] | IV; Case series | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | N/A | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9/13; 69.2% |
Jyräkoski 2021 [49] | IV; Case series | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | N/A | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10/13; 76.9% |
Kozlowski 2017 [51] | IV; Case series | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | N/A | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10/13; 76.9% |
Kwon 2020 [36] | IV; Cross-sectional | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | N/A | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10/13; 76.9% |
López-Larraz 2016 [32] | IV; Case series | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | N/A | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7/13; 53.8% |
Nam 2019 [43] | IB; RCT | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 10/14; 71.4% |
Platz 2016 [35] | IV; Case series | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | N/A | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10/13; 76.9% |
Puyuelo-Quintana 2020 [53] | IV; Cross-sectional | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | N/A | N/A | 0 | 1 | 1 | N/A | 1 | 9/11; 81.8% |
Sale 2016 [33] | IIIB; Case series | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | N/A | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 8/13; 61.5% |
Sale 2018 [34] | IV; Case series | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | N/A | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 10/13; 76.9% |
Swank 2020 [52] | IIB; Cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | N/A | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7/13; 53.8% |
Tamburella 2020 [40] | IV; Case series | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | N/A | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10/13; 76.9% |
Villa-Parra 2019 [42] | IV; Case series | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | N/A | N/A | 0 | 1 | 0 | N/A | 0 | 3/11; 27.3% |