Fig. 1

Within and between limb differences in log transformed, isometric peak torque values (mean ± 95% CI) normalized to body mass × thigh length for the hip extensor, flexor, abductor, and adductor muscle groups in the residual (filled black, solid line) and intact (filled grey, solid line) limbs of unilateral lower limb prosthesis users, as well as age- and gender-matched controls (filled white, dashed line). Isometric peak torque was significantly greater (i.e., p < 0.001) among all four hip muscle groups in the residual and control limbs when compared to the intact limb. Except for hip adduction, peak torque values were not significantly different between the residual and control legs (p ≥ 0.067)