Table 6 Stride length (SL) estimation performance measures. Stride length obtained from the INDIP and the single wearable device, bias, limits of agreement (LoA) and intra class correlation (ICC(2,1)) for comparison between systems, and overall performance index for the SL algorithms. In boldface: recommended algorithms. Underlined performance index indicates top-ranked algorithm for the specific cohort of that row

0.81 [0.79, 0.83]

0.93 [0.91, 0.94]

0.12 [− 0.24, 0.48]

0.15 [0.14, 0.17]

25.9 [23.2, 28.6]

0.58 [0.53, 0.63]

0.582

0.93 [0.90, 0.95]

1.00 [0.98, 1.02]

0.07 [− 0.34, 0.49]

0.16 [0.15, 0.18]

25.3 [22.4, 28.1]

0.70 [0.65, 0.74]

0.663

0.85 [0.83, 0.87]

1.03 [1.02, 1.05]

0.18 [− 0.20, 0.57]

0.21 [0.19, 0.22]

31.2 [28.0, 34.3]

0.28 [0.21, 0.36]

0.381

0.82 [0.79, 0.85]

1.02 [0.99, 1.04]

0.19 [− 0.22, 0.61]

0.21 [0.19, 0.24]

34.1 [29.3, 38.8]

0.41 [0.32, 0.50]

0.462

0.82 [0.79, 0.85]

0.93 [0.90, 0.95]

0.11 [− 0.31, 0.52]

0.17 [0.15, 0.18]

26.5 [23.0, 30.0]

0.60 [0.54, 0.66]

0.607

0.75 [0.73, 0.78]

0.86 [0.84, 0.87]

0.10 [− 0.32, 0.52]

0.17 [0.15, 0.19]

29.3 [25.2, 33.4]

0.36 [0.26, 0.46]

0.465

0.81 [0.79, 0.83]

0.97 [0.95, 0.98]

0.16 [− 0.20, 0.52]

0.18 [0.17, 0.19]

29.6 [26.7, 32.5]

0.52 [0.47, 0.57]

0.546

0.93 [0.90, 0.95]

1.04 [1.02, 1.07]

0.12 [− 0.30, 0.53]

0.17 [0.16, 0.19]

27.4 [24.2, 30.5]

0.66 [0.61, 0.71]

0.604

0.85 [0.83, 0.87]

1.08 [1.06, 1.09]

0.23 [− 0.16, 0.62]

0.24 [0.23, 0.25]

35.8 [32.5, 39.1]

0.20 [0.12, 0.27]

0.345

0.82 [0.79, 0.85]

0.99 [0.96, 1.01]

0.16 [− 0.24, 0.57]

0.19 [0.17, 0.21]

31.2 [26.7, 35.7]

0.47 [0.38, 0.55]

0.487

0.82 [0.79, 0.85]

0.97 [0.94, 0.99]

0.15 [− 0.27, 0.56]

0.19 [0.17, 0.20]

29.7 [25.9, 33.4]

0.55 [0.48, 0.62]

0.537

0.75 [0.73, 0.78]

0.89 [0.88, 0.91]

0.14 [− 0.28, 0.56]

0.18 [0.16, 0.20]

32.2 [27.8, 36.6]

0.31 [0.20, 0.40]

0.448

0.81 [0.79, 0.83]

0.91 [0.90, 0.92]

0.10 [− 0.31, 0.50]

0.17 [0.16, 0.18]

29.0 [26.2, 31.8]

0.42 [0.36, 0.48]

0.509

0.93 [0.90, 0.95]

0.98 [0.96, 0.99]

0.05 [− 0.47, 0.56]

0.21 [0.19, 0.22]

30.3 [26.9, 33.8]

0.46 [0.39, 0.52]

0.473

0.85 [0.83, 0.87]

0.95 [0.94, 0.96]

0.10 [− 0.32, 0.52]

0.18 [0.17, 0.19]

26.9 [24.2, 29.6]

0.26 [0.19, 0.34]

0.420

0.82 [0.79, 0.85]

0.95 [0.94, 0.97]

0.13 [− 0.32, 0.58]

0.20 [0.18, 0.22]

32.6 [27.9, 37.3]

0.22 [0.11, 0.32]

0.387

0.82 [0.79, 0.85]

0.91 [0.89, 0.93]

0.09 [− 0.35, 0.53]

0.18 [0.17, 0.20]

30.5 [26.7, 34.4]

0.45 [0.37, 0.53]

0.498

0.75 [0.73, 0.78]

0.85 [0.84, 0.86]

0.09 [− 0.36, 0.54]

0.21 [0.19, 0.22]

34.5 [30.7, 38.4]

0.11 [0.00, 0.22]

0.328

0.81 [0.79, 0.83]

0.88 [0.86, 0.90]

0.07 [− 0.62, 0.76]

0.28 [0.26, 0.30]

41.9 [38.2, 45.5]

0.14 [0.06, 0.21]

0.250

0.93 [0.90, 0.95]

0.90 [0.88, 0.93]

− 0.03 [− 0.84, 0.79]

0.33 [0.30, 0.35]

42.3 [38.1, 46.6]

0.10 [0.01, 0.19]

0.205

0.85 [0.83, 0.87]

0.93 [0.91, 0.96]

0.08 [− 0.63, 0.80]

0.29 [0.27, 0.31]

40.4 [36.9, 43.9]

0.03 [− 0.05, 0.11]

0.200

0.82 [0.79, 0.85]

0.92 [0.89, 0.96]

0.10 [− 0.59, 0.78]

0.28 [0.25, 0.30]

41.3 [35.2, 47.4]

0.15 [0.04, 0.26]

0.250

0.82 [0.79, 0.85]

0.85 [0.82, 0.88]

0.03 [− 0.73, 0.79]

0.30 [0.28, 0.33]

44.9 [39.3, 50.5]

0.10 [0.00, 0.20]

0.225

0.75 [0.73, 0.78]

0.85 [0.81, 0.88]

0.09 [− 0.67, 0.85]

0.30 [0.27, 0.33]

47.7 [42.0, 53.5]

− 0.04 [− 0.14, 0.07]

0.172