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Table 3 Mean results for gait features with standard deviation (STD) for experimental data taken from Laßmann et al. [7]

From: Dysfunctional neuro-muscular mechanisms explain gradual gait changes in prodromal spastic paraplegia

Gait feature

HC

Prod SPG4

Man SPG4

Ankle RoM

33.7 ± 8.5***

31.5 ± 8.3

25.2 ± 6.9

Min Plantarflexion

– 20.8 ± 9.5***

– 13.4 ± 10.5

– 8.5 ± 7.9

Ankle at HS

1.1 ± 7.2

5 ± 9.3

4.7 ± 6.3

Ankle at max HGC

– 18.6 ± 8.7***

– 11.3 ± 10.6

– 6.7 ± 8.5

Knee RoM

60.2 ± 4.9***

58.2 ± 6.3**

47.1 ± 11.3

Knee max angle

57.7 ± 7.9

57 ± 7.2

47 ± 12.6

Knee at HS

0.8 ± 6.8***

2.8 ± 5.7**

11.9 ± 7.9

Gait speed [m/s]

1.36 ± 0.1***

1.28 ± 0.1

1.09 ± 0.2

Stride length [cm]

146 ± 90

137 ± 11

116 ± 19

  1. RoM ≡ Range of Motion, HS ≡ Heel strike, HGC ≡ Heel ground clearance. Asterisks indicate significance: ** if \(p<0.0056\) and *** if \(p<0.001\) in comparison to manifest SPG4 participants