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Table 4 Kinematic features for velocity feedback gain results over all iterations and correlation

From: Dysfunctional neuro-muscular mechanisms explain gradual gait changes in prodromal spastic paraplegia

Velocity Feedback \(\omega _h\)

Gait Speed

Stride Length

Ankle RoM

Min PF

Ankle at HS

Ankle at max HGC

Knee RoM

Knee max angle

Knee at HS

0%

1.20

1.48

25.43

– 17.30

7.24

– 14.70

60.99

62.27

3.59

6.7%

1.05

1.31

19.74

– 11.67

3.99

– 9.66

65.00

66.42

3.30

13.3%

1.10

1.36

19.60

– 12.67

3.83

– 8.95

63.13

64.98

3.50

20%

1.16

1.44

19.00

– 11.45

2.31

– 8.05

61.69

63.02

3.37

26.7%

1.07

1.35

16.25

– 8.70

0.95

– 5.75

62.29

63.34

3.11

33.3%

1.10

1.43

16.99

– 9.70

– 0.02

– 7.38

62.72

62.88

4.17

40%

1.05

1.35

16.22

– 8.35

– 0.51

– 5.11

61.92

63.36

3.79

46.7%

1.03

1.33

15.77

– 7.81

– 1.35

– 3.93

62.94

64.12

3.82

53.3%

1.05

1.34

15.93

– 4.29

– 0.74

– 2.24

64.35

65.51

9.73

60%

1.08

1.39

15.69

– 6.17

– 1.10

– 3.27

62.22

62.70

11.50

66.7%

1.08

1.39

15.30

– 7.78

– 2.29

– 3.97

62.79

63.44

9.57

73.3%

1.04

1.34

14.86

– 5.82

– 1.65

– 1.98

60.87

63.10

12.66

80%

1.03

1.32

15.09

– 7.35

– 4.42

– 3.52

62.97

63.95

4.26

86.7%

1.05

1.38

14.12

– 5.04

– 1.67

– 2.32

61.03

61.73

13.01

93%

1.06

1.33

13.72

– 4.78

– 0.73

– 2.32

65.52

67.12

18.35

Correlation

Iteration 0– 14

\(rho=-0.53\)

\(p=0.04\)

\(rho=-0.32\)

\(p=0.25\)

\(rho=-0.99\)

\(p<0.001^{***}\)

\(rho=0.9\)

\(p<0.001^{***}\)

\(rho=-0.87\)

\(p<0.001^{***}\)

\(rho=0.88\)

\(p<0.001^{***}\)

\(rho=0.06\)

\(p=0.82\)

\(rho=0.06\)

\(p=0.84\)

\(rho=0.88\)

\(p=0.001^{***}\)

  1. Shown are all walking simulations for gradual increasing velocity feedback gains. In the bottom row spearman correlation coefficients for the respective features are shown. RoM ≡ Range of Motion, PF ≡ Plantarflexion, HS ≡ Heel strike, and HGC ≡ Heel ground clearance