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Table 5 Kinematic features for muscle weakness results over all iterations and correlation

From: Dysfunctional neuro-muscular mechanisms explain gradual gait changes in prodromal spastic paraplegia

Weakness \(\omega _w\)

Gait Speed

Stride Length

Ankle RoM

Min PF

Ankle at HS

Ankle at max HGC

Knee RoM

Knee max angle

Knee at HS

0%

1.20

1.48

25.43

– 17.30

7.24

– 14.70

60.99

62.27

3.59

6.7%

1.18

1.45

26.80

– 15.50

8.58

– 12.55

66.13

67.85

3.65

13.3%

1.10

1.35

24.89

– 14.98

9.30

– 10.24

68.55

69.89

3.54

20%

1.07

1.54

31.11

– 19.05

8.83

– 4.98

53.30

52.06

4.30

26.7%

0.96

1.18

21.00

– 12.71

4.89

– 9.04

72.13

73.37

3.42

33.3%

1.13

1.42

26.78

– 17.66

8.32

– 14.76

66.48

67.88

3.56

40%

1.14

1.33

22.84

– 10.82

9.24

– 3.64

74.37

75.43

2.77

46.7%

0.98

1.18

22.44

– 12.97

8.49

– 9.73

73.02

74.22

2.96

53.3%

0.96

1.45

28.33

– 9.50

11.66

2.46

61.01

61.93

3.81

60%

1.10

1.33

24.72

– 14.52

8.92

– 12.91

68.46

70.41

3.27

66.7%

1.08

1.32

24.38

– 13.80

10.63

– 10.50

74.27

75.48

3.63

73.3%

1.07

1.28

25.85

– 14.87

10.63

– 12.78

72.90

74.42

3.14

80%

1.14

1.50

23.94

– 12.59

11.34

– 9.08

66.08

68.18

7.95

86.7%

0.99

1.30

26.83

– 15.66

11.19

– 12.50

68.20

69.68

3.58

93.3%

1.11

1.42

27.84

– 14.48

13.42

– 9.36

74.30

75.43

3.97

100%

1.11

1.51

28.65

– 14.63

12.16

– 11.72

65.65

67.87

7.63

Correlation

Iteration 0 –  15

\(rho=-0.19\)

\(p=0.47\)

\(rho=-0.09\)

\(p=0.74\)

\(rho=0.19\)

\(p=0.48\)

\(rho=0.33\)

\(p=0.213\)

\(rho=0.8\)

\(p<0.001^{***}\)

\(rho=0.06\)

\(p=0.81\)

\(rho= 0.25\)

\(p=0.35\)

\(rho=0.36\)

\(p=0.18\)

\(rho=0.26\)

\(p=0.33\)

  1. Shown are all walking simulations for gradual increasing muscle weakness. In the bottom row spearman correlation coefficients for the respective features are shown. RoM ≡ Range of Motion, PF ≡ Plantarflexion, HS ≡ Heel strike, and HGC ≡ Heel ground clearance