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Table 6 Kinematic features for velocity feedback gain and muscle weakness results over all iterations and correlation

From: Dysfunctional neuro-muscular mechanisms explain gradual gait changes in prodromal spastic paraplegia

Velocity FB

+ Weakness \(\omega _{hw}\)

Gait speed

Stride length

Ankle RoM

Min PF

Ankle at HS

Ankle at max HGC

Knee RoM

Knee max angle

Knee at HS

0%

1.20

1.48

25.43

– 17.30

7.24

– 14.70

60.99

62.27

3.59

6.7%

1.21

1.40

20.03

– 13.32

1.59

– 8.47

64.36

66.82

2.45

13.3%

1.06

1.33

21.45

– 13.37

2.87

– 10.72

63.23

66.52

3.50

20%

0.96

1.20

18.23

– 8.67

2.56

– 2.98

72.93

74.56

3.74

26.7%

1.12

1.36

18.60

– 9.64

0.04

– 5.96

65.40

67.29

3.40

33.3%

1.05

1.42

17.61

– 9.27

3.45

– 5.44

62.23

63.39

5.80

40%

1.03

1.33

17.26

– 9.52

0.25

– 3.89

68.82

69.94

4.55

46.7%

1.07

1.40

17.38

– 8.30

0.10

– 5.45

64.83

65.70

5.68

53.3%

1.06

1.30

16.74

– 7.22

2.09

– 1.84

73.45

74.70

4.34

60%

0.98

1.26

17.11

– 8.40

– 2.21

– 4.88

66.54

69.26

4.33

66.7%

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 –

–

73.3%

0.96

1.46

56.11

– 70.33

– 36.15

– 31.53

72.69

66.19

2.06

Correlation

Iteration 0–9

\(rho=-0.52\)

\(p=0.13\)

\(rho=-0.26\)

\(p=0.47\)

\(rho=-0.98\)

\(p<0.001^{***}\)

\(rho=0.96\)

\(p<0.001^{***}\)

\(rho=-0.96\)

\(p<0.001^{***}\)

\(rho=0.98\)

\(p<0.001^{***}\)

\(rho=0.12\)

\(p=0.75\)

\(rho=0.01\)

\(p=0.99\)

\(rho=0.76\)

\(p=0.011\)

  1. Shown are all walking simulations for gradual increasing velocity feedback gains and muscle weakness. In the bottom row spearman correlation coefficients for the respective features are shown. RoM ≡ Range of Motion, PF ≡ Plantarflexion, HS ≡ Heel strike, and HGC ≡ Heel ground clearance