Fig. 3

Skeletal muscle electrical stimulation can resist the decrease in the CSA of soleus muscle fibers due to unloading

(a, d). The Hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining of soleus muscle, the scale bar represents 100 μm. (b, e). The influence of the CSA of soleus muscle fibers in different intervention stages and different electrical stimulation treatments. (c, f). The influence of frequency domain on the CSA distribution of soleus muscle fibers in different intervention stages and different electrical stimulation treatments

(Con: control group, TS: Tail suspension group, Pre-H: HFES before TS intervention, Dur-H: HFES during TS, H-H: HFES before and during TS, H-L: HFES before TS plus LFES during TS, L-H: LFES before TS plus HFES during TS, L-L: LFES before and during TS)