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Table 3 Within-group and inter-group data analysis for grip strength, coordination, fatigue, functionality and quality of life variables

From: sEMG-controlled forearm bracelet and serious game-based rehabilitation for training manual dexterity in people with multiple sclerosis: a randomised controlled trial

Variable

Group

Pre

Mean (± s.deviation)

Post

Mean (± s.deviation)

Follow-up

Mean (± s.deviation)

ANOVA

(group*time/group*side*time)

p-value

Paired comparison

Pre Vs. Post

p-value

Pre vs

Follow-up

p-value

Post vs

Follow-up

p-value

Jamar dynamometry MAS

Experimental

27.29 (± 11.53)

27.36 (± 9.26)

29.22 (± 10.98)

0.004*/0.524

 > 0.999

0.235

0.064

Control

20.04 (± 14.80)

21.79 (± 14.49)

20.89 (± 13.91)

0.458

 > 0.999

0.765

Jamar dynamometry LAS

Experimental

32.12 (± 10.23)

31.97 (± 8.89)

33.67 (± 10.62)

 > 0.999

0.438

0.255

Control

22.07 (± 12.79)

24.99 (± 13.01)

22.25 (± 12.82)

0.216

 > 0.999

0.024*

BBT MAS

Experimental

45.80 (± 10.78)

48.27 (± 11.03)

50.33 (± 11.19)

0.871/0.459

0.224

0.008*

0.568

Control

35.87 (± 13.62)

37.46 (± 14.08)

41.07 (± 15.51)

0.752

0.002*

0.079

BBT LAS

Experimental

50.00 (± 10.62)

52.20 (± 12.28)

55.13 (± 11.53)

0.290

 < 0.001*

0.252

Control

39.47 (± 13.72)

40.86 (± 13.91)

43.46 (± 12.43)

0.850

0.005*

0.371

FSS

Experimental

69.31 (± 20.84)

69.42 (21.86)

73.86 (20.45)

0.493**

 > 0.999

0.745

0.271

Control

61.79 (± 29.12)

60.43 (27.21)

60.54 (28.55)

 > 0.999

 > 0.999

 > 0.999

ABILHAND

Experimental

37.20 (± 8.08)

37.67 (± 6.44)

37.07 (± 8.14)

0.565**

 > 0.999

 > 0.999

 > 0.999

Control

32.64 (± 13.70)

34.00 (± 12.41)

34.86 (± 12.29)

 > 0.999

0.634

 > 0.999

MSIS-29 Physical impact score

Experimental

43.67 (± 24.80)

53.67 (± 16.15)

52.00 (± 27.12)

0.212**

0.06

0.331

 > 0.999

Control

47.41 (± 32.79)

47.50 (30.52)

47.77 (± 31.15)

 > 0.999

 > 0.999

 > 0.999

MSIS-29 Psychological impact score

Experimental

36.66 (± 18.85)

44.06 (± 27.04)

42.03 (± 28.94)

0.196**

0.317

0.681

 > 0.999

Control

50.19 (± 28.06)

45.83 (± 34.40)

48.21 (± 33.18)

 > 0.999

 > 0.999

 > 0.999

  1. BBT Box and Blocks Test, FSS Fatigue Severity Scale, LAS less affected side, MAS more affected side, MSIS-29 Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29
  2. P-values expressed with Bonferroni correction
  3. *Significant at p < 0.05
  4. **Comparison only made by group*time