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Table 4 Inter-group data analysis for grip strength, coordination, fatigue, functionality and quality of life variables

From: sEMG-controlled forearm bracelet and serious game-based rehabilitation for training manual dexterity in people with multiple sclerosis: a randomised controlled trial

Variable

Experimental group

Mean ± SD

Control group

Mean ± SD

Mean difference

p

CI 95% of mean difference

JAMAR pre-treatment

29.70 (± 10.66)

21.38 (± 13.37)

8.33

0.07

− 0.72 to 17.37

JAMAR post-treatment

29.66 (± 8.95)

23.39 (± 13.19)

6.27

0.14

− 2.15 to 14.71

JAMAR follow-up

31.44 (± 10.63)

21.58 (± 12.83)

9.87

0.03*

1.04 to 18.69

BBT pre-treatment

47.9 (± 10.04)

37.67 (± 13.3)

10.23

0.024*

1.42 to 19.05

BBT post-treatment

50.23 (± 11.07)

39.17 (± 13.39)

11.07

0.02*

1.81 to 20.25

BBT follow-up

52.73 (± 10.72)

42.27 (± 13.45)

11.47

0.026*

1.37 to 19.57

FSS pre-treatment

69.31 (± 20.84)

61.8 (± 29.12)

7.51

0.428

− 11.67 to 26.71

FSS post-treatment

69.42 (± 21.86)

60.43 (± 27.21)

8.99

0.334

− 9.76 to 27.73

FSS follow-up

73.86 (± 20.45)

60.54 (± 28.55)

13.32

0.158

− 5.5 to 32.14

ABILHAND pre-treatment

37.20 (± 8.08)

32.64 (± 13.71)

4.56

0.281

− 3.95 to 13.06

ABILHAND post-treatment

37.67 (± 6.44)

34.00 (± 12.41)

3.67

0.322

− 3.79 to 11.13

ABILHAND follow-up

37.07 (± 8.14)

34.86 (± 12.29)

2.21

0.57

− 5.7 to 10.1

MSIS-29 PD pre− treatment

43.67 (± 24.80)

47.41 (± 32.79)

− 3.74

0.73

− 25.8 to 18.31

MSIS-29 PD post-treatment

53.67 (± 16.15)

47.5 (± 30.52)

6.17

0.498

− 12.25 to 24.59

MSIS-29 PD follow-up

52.00 (± 27.12)

47.77 (31.15)

4.23

0.699

− 17.98 to 26.44

MSIS-29 CD pre-treatment

36.66 (± 18.85)

50.20 (± 28.06)

− 13.54

0.136

− 31.64 to 4.56

MSIS-29 CD post-treatment

44.06 (± 27.04)

45.83 (± 34.40)

− 1.77

0.879

− 25.25 to 21.72

MSIS-29 CD follow-up

42.03 (± 28.94)

48.21 (± 33.18)

− 6.18

0.597

− 29.87 to 17.5

  1. CD cognitive dimension, CI confidence interval, BBT Box and Blocks Test, FSS Fatigue Severity Scale, MSIS-29 Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29, p p-value, PD physical dimension, SD standard deviation
  2. P-values expressed with Bonferroni correction
  3. *Significant at p < 0.05