Biomechanical modeling for the estimation of muscle forces: toward a common language in biomechanics, medical engineering, and neurosciences

Mathieu, Emilie; Crémoux, Sylvain; Duvivier, David; Amarantini, David; Pudlo, Philippe

doi:10.1186/s12984-023-01253-1

Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation

Table 1 Example of classification of some biomechanical models for muscle forces estimation

From: Biomechanical modeling for the estimation of muscle forces: toward a common language in biomechanics, medical engineering, and neurosciences

	Description by authors	Solving strategy	Type of problem	Optimization method		Additional information
	Description by authors	Solving strategy	Type of problem	Type of optimization	Time windows resolution	EMG contribution	Data tracking
[2]	EMG-informed	Forward	Dynamic	Static	Continuous	EMG-driven	Data tracking calibrated (Net joint torque, joint contact forces)
[7]	Inverse dynamics, Neural networks	Inverse	Dynamic	Static	Discrete	Without	Without
[14]	Forward dynamic, calibrated, EMG-based	Forward	Dynamic	Static	Continuous	EMG-driven	Data tracking calibrated (Net joint torque)
[16]	Inverse dynamics	Inverse	Static	Static	Discrete	Without	Without
[18]	Hybrid model (forward and inverse) Static optimization EMG-informed	Forward	Dynamic	Static	Discrete	EMG-driven	Data tracking assisted (Net joint torque, muscle excitations)
[35]		Inverse	Static	Static	Discrete	Without	Without
[36]	Dynamic optimization Data tracking problem	Forward	Dynamic	Static	Continuous	Without	Data tracking driven (Ground reaction forces)
[38]	Inverse dynamic, numerical optimization, EMG-assisted	Inverse	Dynamic	Static	Continuous	EMG-assisted	Data tracking calibrated (Net joint torque)
[41]	tracking-assisted forward-dynamic optimizations	Forward	Dynamic	Static	Continuous	Various models are presented	Data tracking driven
[46]	Inverse dynamics	Inverse	Static	Static	Discrete	Without	Without
[47]	Kinematics and EMG based	Inverse	Dynamic	Static	Discrete	EMG-calibrated	Data tracking driven (Net joint torque)
[48]	EMG-assisted optimization	Inverse	Dynamic	Static	Continuous	EMG-driven	Without
[51]	Forward dynamic, tracking simulation	Forward	Dynamic	Static	Continuous	EMG-driven	Data tracking calibrated (Joint angle)
[52]	inverse dynamic, Kinematic tracking	Inverse	Dynamic	Static	Discrete	Without	Data tracking assisted (Joint angle and velocity)
[21]	Inverse dynamics, Static optimization	Inverse	Static	Static	Discrete	Without	Without
[50]	Numerical optimization, EMG driven	Forward	Dynamic	Static	Continuous	EMG-driven	Data tracking calibrated (Net joint torque)
[6]	Inverse and forward optimization, EMG driven	Forward	Dynamic	Static (× 2)	Continuous and discrete	EMG-driven	Data tracking assisted (Activation)
[19]	Forward dynamic, Static optimization, EMG driven	Forward	Dynamic	Static	Continuous	EMG-driven	Data tracking calibrated (Net joint torque)
[53]	EMG driven	Forward	Dynamic	Static	Continuous	EMG-driven	Data tracking calibrated (Net joint torque)
[17]	Forward dynamics, EMG driven	Forward	Dynamic	Static	Continuous	EMG-driven	Data tracking calibrated (Net joint torque and joint angle)
[26]	EMG driven	Forward	Dynamic	Static	Continuous	EMG-driven	Data tracking calibrated (Net joint torque)
[12]	Inverse-dynamics optimization and inverse-forward-dynamics models	Inverse	Dynamic	Static	Discrete	Without	Data tracking assisted (Joint angle and velocity)
[8]	EMG driven	Forward	Dynamic	Static	Continuous	EMG-driven	Data tracking calibrated (Joint angle)
[42]	Calibrated, EMG-informed	Forward	Dynamic	Static	Continuous	EMG-driven	Data tracking calibrated and assisted (Net joint torque)
[20]	Inverse dynamics	Inverse	Dynamic	Static	Discrete	Without	Without

Proposal of a new classification of references presenting a model for the estimation of muscle forces available in biomechanics and associated fields, based on 4 superimposed components (solving strategy, type of problem, optimization method, additional information) and using the semantic elements of the common language recommended to facilitate the use, development, and applications of biomechanical modeling in all the fields where the estimation of muscle forces is of direct interest

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ISSN: 1743-0003

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