Task | Classification | Parameter | Description [24] |
---|---|---|---|
Ball-on-bar task (Level 1 and 2) | Task execution | Targets complete | Amount of successfully touched and held targets (without a ball drop in level 2) |
Drops | Number of times the ball fell of the bar in level 2 | ||
Time to target | Mean time to reach a target from the moment it was visible to the moment it was touched (in s) | ||
Ball speed | Mean ball speed throughout the level (in cm/s) | ||
Unimanual | DH/NDH speed | Mean hand speed throughout the level (in cm/s) | |
DH/NDH speed peaks | Number of the hand's level-specific speed maxima, omitting those at the first and final data points | ||
Bimanual: coupling | Mean bar tilt | Absolute value of the mean angle of the bar during the level (in radial) | |
Bar tilt standard deviation | Standard deviation of the level’s bar angle (in radial) | ||
Bar length variability | Variation in bar length (in %) | ||
Bimanual: interlimb | Hand speed difference | Differences between hand speeds divided by the mean of the hand speeds (in %) Formula = \(\frac{\Sigma abs({S}_{DH}-{S}_{NDH})}{\mathrm{0,5}*\Sigma abs({S}_{DH}+{S}_{NDH})}\), with S = hand speed | |
Hand speed peaks bias | Relative bias in amount of hand speed peaks Formula = \(\frac{{HSP}_{DH}-{HSP}_{NDH}}{{HSP}_{DH}+{HSP}_{NDH}}\), with HSP = hand speed peaks | ||
Hand path length bias | Relative bias in hand path length Formula = \(\frac{{HPL}_{DH}-{HPL}_{NDH}}{{HPL}_{DH}+{HPL}_{NDH}}\), with HPL = hand path length | ||
Reaction time difference | For each successfully completed target in level 1, the mean absolute difference between both hands is calculated (in s). Formula = \(abs({RT}_{DH}-{RT}_{NDH})\), with RT = reaction time. This metric is not calculated in level 2 due to the considerable variability in reaction times due to the moving ball | ||
Object-hit Task | Task execution | Target hits | The percentage of balls hit out of the total number of balls (in %) |
Median error | The point during the entire challenge when 50% of all errors were made with regard to the whole task (in %) | ||
Miss bias | X-value of the position indicating the direction of most errors. This parameter is calculated based on the number of misses in each of the ten bins with their weighted mean (in cm) Formula = \(\frac{{\Sigma }_{i=1}^{10}{x}_{i}* {w}_{m,i}}{{\Sigma }_{i=1}^{10} {w}_{m,i}}\), with xi = X-position of the ith bin, wm,I = weight or the number of misses in the ith bin | ||
Unimanual | Hits DH/NDH | Total number of hits with the dominant / non-dominant hand | |
Hand speed DH/NDH | Mean hand speed of each hand during the task (in cm/s) | ||
Movement area DH/NDH | Movement area of each hand during the task (in cm2) | ||
Bimanual: Coupling | Hand transition | Absolute x-value of the subject’s preference for using one hand over the other in the workspace (in cm). Larger value indicates a more shifted representation of the midline (in cm) Formula = \(\left(\frac{{\Sigma }_{i=1}^{10}{x}_{i}* {w}_{h(DH),i}}{{\Sigma }_{i=1}^{10} {w}_{h(DH),i}}+\frac{{\Sigma }_{i=1}^{10}{x}_{i}* {w}_{h(NDH),i}}{{\Sigma }_{i=1}^{10} {w}_{h(NDH),i}} \right)/2\), with xi = x-position of the ith bin, wh(DH/NDH),i = weight or the number of hits of the DH/NDH in the ith bin. [14] | |
Hand selection overlap | Percentage that captures effectiveness of using both hands (i.e. hit balls with both the dominant and non-dominant hand) (in %). Calculated by the sum of the hand changes for each bin divided by total number of hits | ||
Bimanual: Interlimb | Hand bias hits | Bias in hits between hands divided by the total sum of both hands. Formula = \(\frac{{H}_{DH}-{H}_{NDH}}{{H}_{DH}+{H}_{NDH}}\), with H = hits | |
Movement area bias | Bias in mean movement area between hands divided by the total sum of both hands Formula = \(\frac{{A}_{DH}-{A}_{NDH}}{{A}_{DH}+{A}_{NDH}}\), with A = movement area | ||
Hand speed bias | Bias in mean hand speed between hands divided by the total sum of both hands Formula = \(\frac{{S}_{DH}-{S}_{NDH}}{{S}_{DH}+{S}_{NDH}}\), with S = hand speed | ||
Circuit task | Task execution | Error | The average surface between the cursor trajectory and the midline of the track (in cm2). [25] |
Velocity | Average vectorial velocity of both hands (in cm/s). [25] | ||
Skill | Measure of ideal accuracy (lower error) and speed, by dividing the velocity measurement with the error parameter. This value is multiplied by 1Â cm/s to eliminate its dimension. Higher skill values are associated with more accurate movements and/or higher movement speed. [25] | ||
Bimanual | Bimanual coordination factor | Calculated by dividing the minimum value between the absolute values of each hand by the hand’s vectorial velocities. When the child was only using one hand, the score was adjusted by using a penalty. The score ranges from 0 to 0.7, where a lower score indicates a more sequential movement of both hands. [25] Formula = \(\frac{\mathrm{min}(\left|{V}_{x}\right|,\left|{V}_{y}\right|)}{\sqrt{{v}_{x }^{2}+{v}_{y }^{2}}}\), with vx/y = absolute value of the horizontal/vertical hand velocity. [25] |